The History Project - University of California, Davis

Image Collection / Roland Marchand / Immigration / Japanese

	"Members of the Mochida family awaiting evacuation bus," Hayward, California, May 8, 1942. Dorothea Lange photo. Records of the U.S. War Relocation Authority, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Oliver O. Jensen, The American Album, 1968, p. 170. 11.7.5
	"Dust Storm at this War Relocation Authority center [Manzanar], where evacuees of Japanese ancestry are spending the duration," California, July 3, 1942. Dorothea Lange photo. Records of the U.S. War Relocation Authority, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Oliver O. Jensen, The American Album, 1968, p. 171. 11.7.5
	Final picture and message to reader, Manzanar High School Yearbook, 1943-44, U.S. War Relocation Center. Picture of a guardpost and barbed wire fence against the Sierra. "Dear Reader: As you turn to the last page in this book, we hope that you will do so with a satisfied feeling. For it is very important to us that you will find in this story an accurate picture of the school and community life that you are actually living. We haven't included anything just because it was beautiful or unusual. We were not interested in picturing for you isolated cases that are few and far between. As you look at the pictures in this book we want you to be familiar with every one of them. For this is the story of the typical 'teenaged' youngster in Manzanar..." 1944. OUR WORLD 1943-1944 (Manzanar High School Yearbook). 11.7.5
	"Poster: Instructions to All Persons of Japanese Ancestry Living in the Following Areas…" July 3, 1942. Western Defense Command and Fourth Army Wartime Civil Control Administration, Lt. Gen. J. L. DeWitt, Commanding. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. 11.7.5
	Diagrams of restricted evacuation areas of Japanese and Japanese Americans in the states of the Pacific Coast. Western Defense Command and Fourth Army Wartime Civil Control Administration, Lt. Gen. J. L. DeWitt, Commanding. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. 11.7.5
	"These Fond Memories." A set of four pictures of the U.S. Army War Relocation camp at Manzanar. All are snow pictures; part of the barrack ugliness is hidden by snow. 1944. OUR WORLD 1943-1944 (Manzanar High School Yearbook). 11.7.5
	Manzanar High School Yearbook, U.S. Army War Relocation Center. Section on drama, with text and pictures. "Drama Class presented the three acts of Growing Pains, by Aurania Rouverol. This Senior Play tells the story of a typical American home, in this case that of the McIntyres. They see their boy and girl tossed into the normal awkward growing up stage but can offer little assistance or direction in their turbulent course. Any advice is always rejected by these adolescents. Two youngsters, George and Terry, struggle and suffer through this trying phase of life together with their neighborhood friends. Many things happen to them, but the end is bright and promising." 1944. OUR WORLD 1943-1944 (Manzanar High School Yearbook). 11.7.5
	Manzanar Relocation Center, message from the project director of the high school yearbook: "In years to come, when the war is over, and peace has returned to the world, people may say to you, 'What was Manzanar?' Then I hope you may say that Manzanar was a wartime city that sprang up from the sands of the desert of Inyo and returned to desert with the end of the war. It was the largest city between Los Angeles and Reno. It was a city serving a wartime purpose where people lived in peace and good will, where there was a school system that taught young citizens the ideas of American citizenship, where schools were of as high a rank as other California schools, and where students dedicated their lives to the American way of living. I hope you may say that Manzanar was an experience worth living, where the important realities of life were made clear and where there was time and opportunity to prepare for participation in the work of winning the peace based on tolerance, understanding and good will. The graduates of Manzanar have a great contribution to make in determining the kind of world that it is to become after the war. Ralph P. Merritt, Project Director." 1944. OUR WORLD 1943-1944 (Manzanar High School Yearbook). 11.7.5
	Map of the sites of the ten relocation centers that housed Japanese Americans during World War II. Copyright University of Arizona Press, 355 S. Euclid Ave., Suite 103, Tucson, AZ 85719. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The University of Arizona Press. In Dillon Myer, Uprooted Americans, University of Arizona Press, 1971, p. 5. 11.7.5
	Map of the Exclusion Area, Japanese Evacuation Program. The dotted line shows the exclusion area boundary lines. The map shows the assembly centers and relocation centers. Each exclusion area contained an evacuee population of approximately 1000 persons. 1942. US Army, Final Report, Japanese Evacuation from the West Coast, 1942, p. 290, map insert. 11.7.5
	A caravan of trucks and private cars loaded with baggage ready to leave a control station in Los Angeles, April 28, 1942, for the Manzanar Reception Center. Evacuation was later handled by train or bus. US Army, Final Report, Japanese Evacuation from the West Coast, 1942, p. 440. 11.7.5
	A portion of the completed Santa Anita Assembly Center. This was the largest of all Assembly Centers. Nearly 19,000 persons were lodged here. 1942. US Army, Final Report, Japanese Evacuation from the West Coast, 1942, p. 433. 11.7.5
	Dedication page, Manzanar High School Yearbook. "From a dusty wasteland to a lively community, Manzanar has progressed to become an exciting chapter developing from World War II. This part of the story depicts the temporary wartime life of 10,000 tireless, self-sacrificing residents living in one square mile of barracks. To those people with their simple pleasures...to those men and women with their green growing gardens of the spring and snow-covered barracks of the winter, who have put aside temporarily the life of the sea...and their own land...to the husband and his wife...to the son in the service, his children...to the grandparents, the aunts, the uncles, the cousins, the nephews, the nieces...to those who so bravely have demonstrated their belief and their sacrifice for our way of life, we hereby dedicate...Our World..." 1944. OUR WORLD 1943-1944 (Manzanar High School Yearbook). 11.7.5
	This is what the relocation centers looked like in real life. Military police stand guard at one of the assembly centers. Few police were used unless the centers were near nervous "Americans" or were high security-risk centers. Santa Anita, 1942. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Anthony L. Lehman, Birthright of Barbed Wire, 1970, p. 40. 11.7.5
	A panoramic view of the Santa Anita center, Arcadia, CA, showing the barrack apartments on the former racetrack designed to collect Japanese Americans before they were shipped to permanent relocation centers, late 1942. Clem Albers photo. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Anthony L. Lehman, Birthright of Barbed Wire, 1970, p. 18. 11.7.5
	Even Japanese Americans who had served in the military forces were not exempt from the relocation centers during their early stages. Here a man dressed in uniform indicating service in World War I enters the Santa Anita center. 1942. Clem Albers photo. War Relocation Authority, US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Anthony L. Lehman, Birthright of Barbed Wire, 1970, p. 74. 11.7.5
	Anti-Japanese signs. One appeared in this store window in early 1942, reading "Jap Hunting Licenses Free." Another sign is "Notice of Japanese Evacuation," nailed on telephone poles between March and August, 1942. 110,000 people were sent to hastily improvised centers under these orders. Top: Copyright Corbis Corp., 710 Second Ave., Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98104. All rights reserved. Bottom right: Star Photographer photo. Hoover Institution, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Bottom left: Copyright holder unknown, Burlingame (CA) Advance-Star and Green Sheet. In Audrie Girdner and Anne Loftis, The Great Betrayal, 1969, after p. 274. 11.7.5
	A caravan of American Japanese cross the desert under the relocation program. In late March 1942 a group of volunteers drove to Manzanar Center near Lone Pine in eastern California to begin building the relocation center. Corbis Corp., 710 Second Ave., Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98104. Acme News photo. In Audrie Girdner and Anne Loftis, The Great Betrayal, 1969, after p. 274. 11.7.5
	Japanese American children playing football at the Heart Mountain, Wyoming, relocation center during World War II. 1943. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	The Boy Scout troop formed at the Manzanar relocation center by Japanese evacuees during World War II. The troop is lined up and saluting the American flag. c. 1943. The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, 4079 Albany Post Rd., Hyde Park, NY 12538-1999. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. Our thanks to the FDR Library. 11.7.5
	Japanese Americans digging potatoes at Tule Lake center during the World War II relocation. The work of digging potatoes was in fact a contribution to the war effort by these evacuees. c. 1943. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 94720-6000. Our thanks to the Bancroft. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 1967.014 v.29 DA-590--PIC. 11.7.5
	The Assembly Center at Tanforan Racetrack just after the Japanese Americans moved in following removal in World War II. "Former horse stalls were used to house Japanese Americans evicted from their homes in San Francisco. Twenty-five stalls were condemned by San Mateo County Health officials as unfit to live in, but they remained in use." - The Japanese American Museum of San Jose (JAMsj). c. 1942. Dorothea Lange photo. U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Tanforan Racetrack two months after Japanese Americans were placed there during World War II. This photograph shows smiling children standing in front of the door. Before them is a garden plot. All improvements were made by the evacuees themselves. c. 1942. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	A Japanese American man, a World War I veteran, in the interior of housing located at Heart Mountain Relocation Camp, Wyoming. c. 1943. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Japanese Americans during the World War II relocation, waiting to board a train at the Santa Anita Racetrack center. 1942. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Japanese Americans during World War II relocation, lined up facing a line of US Army soldiers. They have just arrived at the Santa Anita Racetrack center, April 5, 1942. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Japanese-style landscaping, using local materials, done by William Matsuki, one of the evacuees at the relocation camp for Japanese Americans at Manzanar (CA), World War II. c. 1943. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	The Japanese-owned "Asahi Dye Works," which was closed at the time of the Japanese-American World War II relocation. Above the window is the derisive note: "WE WON'T TAKE IT TO OWENS VALLEY FOR U." 1942. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-DIG-ppmsc-09964. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	A truckload of Japanese Americans being moved to relocation centers from San Pedro, CA during World War II. 1942. Courtesy of The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-6000. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Bancroft. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 1967.014 v.59 GB-33--PIC. 11.7.5
	Lieutenant General John L. DeWitt, commander of the U.S. 4th Army and of the Western Defense Command, both headquartered in San Francisco. DeWitt was the military commander in charge of the Japanese American relocation from the west coast in World War II. c. 1943. U.S. Army photo. US National Archives. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Colonel Karl Bendetsen, U.S. Army. Bendetsen was attached to the staff of the Provost Marshal, Allen Gullion, and played a major role in influencing the decision to relocate the Japanese Americans during World War II. 1944. U.S. Army photo. US National Archives. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	Posted notice dated April 1, 1942, requiring all persons of Japanese ancestry to appear for relocation, San Francisco. The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, 4079 Albany Post Rd., Hyde Park, NY 12538-1999. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. Our thanks to The FDR Library. 11.7.5
	Cartoon strip, "Johnny Gets His Girl Back." 1938. See IM-J-4 for p. 19. Copyright holder unknown. In Scribner's Magazine, June 1938, p. 18. 11.7.1
	Cartoon strip. "Johnny Gets his Girl Back." 1938. See IM-J-3 for p. 18. Copyright holder unknown. In Scribner's Magazine, June 1938, p. 19. 11.7.1
	"That this shall not be YOUR Sister!" 1938. Rapist's large hand ripping the blouse of a terrified white woman. "...the yellow hand of lust...JOIN UP NOW! Show them that you're WHITE...that 'You're not YELLOW!'" Copyright holder unknown. In Ted Patrick, "Advertising the Next War," Scribner's Magazine, June 1938. 11.7.1
	Japanese-American family, including the pastor of the local Japanese church, being evacuated to detention camps. Anti-Japanese discrimination, 1942. Bainbridge Island, WA. Copyright holder unknown. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-61122. In Bernard A. Weisberger, The American Heritage History of The American People, 1971, p. 325. 11.7.5
	Japanese-American discrimination in California, 1941. This sign outside the store of a UC-educated Japanese-American failed to protect him from race hatred. The sign reads: "I Am An American." Dorothea Lange photo, Works Progress Administration. Still Picture Division, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. In Bernard A. Weisberger, The American Heritage History of The American People, 1971, p. 324. 11.7.5
	House with a sign showing an anti-Japanese campaign slogan to prevent the immigrants from settling in Hollywood, California, c. 1920? Copyright holder unknown. Courtesy of National Japanese American Historical Society. The Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, DC 20013-7012. In Oscar Handlin, A Pictorial History of Immigration, 1972, p. 269. 11.5.2
	Major General Allen W. Gullion, the Provost Marshal General of the U.S. Army. Gullion played a major role in the establishment of the World War II Japanese relocation program. U.S. Army photo. In Roger Daniels, Concentration Camps USA: Japanese Americans and World War II, New York, 1972. 11.7.5
	In 1910 a Japanese-American family bought a homesite in this Rose Hill, California, development but were driven away by neighbors who put up this sign. Courtesy of The Seaver Center of Western History, Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007. For permission to reproduce or use this Image, please refer to the Museum's website, www.nhm.org. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Seaver Center. In Wayne Moquin, ed., Makers of America, Vol. 8, William Benton, Publisher, 1971, p. 25. 11.7.5
	"All Right, you yellow dogs - you asked for it!! Listen, Yellow Dogs…We think America is the greatest country in the world. We love our homes and we love our families. And if you think we're going to let you take it all...if you think we'll stand by while you lay lustful hands on our wives and sweethearts and sisters...then you're just crazy! We know we'll have a fight on our hands - but we've faced that before. AND WE'VE NEVER LOST ANY FIGHT WE'VE GONE INTO! AMERICA HAS NEVER LOST A WAR! How about it, young men of America? Are we going to let them lick us this time? RIGHT - not while there's an American left standing. Let's show them who's yellow and who isn't. There's a uniform your size waiting for you - and a straight-shooting Yankee rifle that fits snug against your shoulder." 1938. An example from the article by Ted Patrick, "Advertising the Next War," p. 16. "On these six pages, we have attempted to give you a preview of the advertisements you'll be seeing soon after your newspaper greets you one fine morning with screaming black type announcing, 'U.S. IN WAR!' This is not a bit of tongue-in-cheekiness, but a serious effort by experienced advertising men to prepare exactly the kind of advertising we would if the Government were to ask for it today. There is only one touch of realism we have avoided - i.e. that of naming any particular nation as the enemy. As our contribution to international harmony we have worked on the assumption that the war was being fought against the Yellow Race...whenever war comes, it's certain that advertising will be called upon - just as it was in the last war. Advertising men will be asked to prepare advertisements selling war bonds; whipping up enthusiasm for meatless, heatless, wheatless...and whatnot days; and calling for volunteers..." Copyright holder unknown. In Scribner's Magazine, June 1938, p. 17. 11.7.1

November 23, 2009

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