 | Messenger boy working for Mackay Telegraph Co., Waco, TX, Sept., 1913. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03870. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 101. 11.2.1 |
 | "Shooting Craps: Game of the Street…The mania for gambling is all but universal. Every street child is a born gambler; he has nothing to lose and all to win…nothing to learn of the bad it has to teach." Child labor. c. 1895, printed c. 1946. Jacob Riis photo. Courtesy of San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, 151 Third St., San Francisco, CA 94103. Our thanks to SFMOMA. In "The Battle of the Slum 1887-1897," U.S. Camera, 1948. 11.2.1, 11.2.9 |
 | "Breaker boys working in Ewen Breaker." Mine in S. Pittston, Pa., Jan. 10, 1911. Record of the Children's Bureau. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01130. In U.S. National Archives, The American Image 1860-1960, 1979, p. 96. 11.2.1 |
 | Young boys in work clothes. None are smiling. Copyright holder and location unknown. 11.2.1 |
 | Leo, an eight-year-old boy, 48 inches high, picks up bobbins at 15 cents a day. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01892. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 79. 11.2.1 |
 | Willie, a Polish boy taking a noon rest in a doffer box, Quidnick Mill, 1909. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01659. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 98. 11.2.1 |
 | Newsies shooting craps near Post Office, Providence, RI, at midnight, Nov. 23, 1912. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03810. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 100. 11.2.1 |
 | Dinner time. The family of Mrs. A. J. Young, Tifton, Georgia, Jan. 22, 1909. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01605. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 90. 11.2.1 |
 | Young "helpers" in a Georgia cotton mill. Boys and girls of five or six worked 12 hours a day. 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01581. In Milton Meltzer, Bread and Roses - the Struggle of American Labor 1865-1915, Alfred A. Knopf, 1967, p. 28. 11.2.1 |
 | Child labor. A small girl lies dead at the foot of a monument to "Profit." "Childhood is sacrificed daily that profit may flow from every turn of a mill-wheel." Mary Ellen Sigsbee cartoon. Sigsbee was a socialist and feminist, daughter of the captain of the USS Maine. 1914. Copyright holder unknown. In Edwin Markham et al., "Children in Bondage," 1914, reprint 1969, frontispiece. 11.2.1, 11.2.9 |
 | A silhouette of a young girl in a textile mill. Child labor. See also LB-C-33. Edwin Markham, et al., "Children in Bondage," 1914, reprint 1969, opp. p. 160. 11.2.1 |
 | Silhouette of an exhausted child textile laborer. See also LB-C-32. Copyright holder unknown. Edwin Markham, et al., "Children in Bondage," 1914, reprint 1969, opp. p. 160. 11.2.1 |
 | Cartoon. Children working in textile mill are contrasted with imaginary happy children playing outside. Child labor. "The nation could have no better 'birth of freedom' than to turn every mill-child loose to run on the hills and play." Copyright holder unknown. Edwin Markham et al., "Children in Bondage," 1914, reprint 1969, opp. p. 164. 11.2.1, 11.2.9 |
 | Bibb Mill No. 1, Macon, Georgia, 1909. Two young boys work in a textile mill without safety features. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01581. In Vicki Goldberg, Lewis W. Hine: Children at Work, 1999, p. 60. 11.2.1 |
 | Mother with 12 children and a babe in arms. Copyright holder and location unknown. Lewis Hine photo? 11.2.1 |
 | "Types of Village Loafers." Teen-aged boys. The message sent with this photo is that child labor is a moral good. Thomas R. Dawley, Jr., The Child That Toileth Not, 1912, p. 79. 11.2.1 |
 | "How The Camera Lies. Photographed by Lewis Hine and represented as a child worker in the mill. The child never worked and the photograph was obtained by deception." The author was clearly pro-business. Investigators said that mill owners often stated that children like this one just "wandered" into the mill by "happenstance." Thomas R. Dawley, Jr., The Child That Toileth Not, 1912, p. 113. 11.2.1 |
 | "Doffer boys who earn as much as schoolteachers..." From a child-labor advocate. Thomas R. Dawley, The Child That Toileth Not, 1912, p. 139. 11.2.1 |
 | Newsboys' lodging house, founded in the 1850s by Teddy Roosevelt's father. Child labor. Jacob Riis photo. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-16347. In Mary Cable and the Eds. of American Heritage, American Manners and Morals, 1969, p. 314. 11.2.1 |
 | Newsboys at the Brooklyn Bridge, 1908. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03191. In Allon Schoener, Portal to America, 1967, p. 79. 11.2.1 |
 | The McFarland Family, Winona, Mississippi, May 11, 1911. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-02116. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 89. 11.2.1 |
 | Boy, 12 years old, selling papers. Hartford, Conn., March 6, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03234. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 87. 11.2.1 |
 | Four newsboys in front of Johnston's Branch adjoining saloon, 10th and Cass Streets, St. Louis, Missouri, May 1910. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03538. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 83. 11.2.1 |
 | "Radishes! Penny a bunch!" Sixth Street Market, Cincinnati, OH, 10:00 p.m., Aug. 22, 1908. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03199. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 93. 11.2.1 |
 | Regular child worker (doffer) in Richmond Spinning Mills, Chattanooga, Tennessee, December 1910. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01965. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 94. 11.2.1 |
 | A girl entering a factory door, 526 West Broadway, New York City, with artificial flowers made at home. Noon, February 6, 1912. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-04157. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 104. 11.2.1 |
 | Newsies at Skeeter's Branch, St. Louis, MO, 11:00 a.m., May 9, 1910. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03487. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 81. 11.2.1 |
 | Newsboy, Hartford, Conn., March 1909. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-03298. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 92. 11.2.1 |
 | Dannie Mercurio, 150 Schottes Alley, Washington, D.C., April 1912. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. Copyright The George Eastman House International Museum of Photography, 900 East Ave., Rochester, NY 14607. All rights reserved. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 102. 11.2.1 |
 | Child shuckers in the Varn and Platt Canning Company, Younges Island, SC, 1913. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01026. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 91. 11.2.1 |
 | John Dempsey, looking only 11 or 12 years old, who said he helped only on Saturdays, working faithfully in the mule spinning room. Jackson Mill, Fiskeville, Rhode Island, April 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01668. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 98. 11.2.1 |
 | Two child workers at Bates Manufacturing Company, Lewiston, Maine. 6:00 p.m., April 23, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01705. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 105. 11.2.1 |
 | Glass blower and mold boy. Grafton, West Virginia, Oct. 1908. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01176. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 84. 11.2.1 |
 | A few of the child workers on night shift at Cumberland Glass Works. Bridgetown, New Jersey, November 15, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01223. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 85. 11.2.1 |
 | The youngest girl in the window has been spinning in Royal Mill for one year. River Point, Rhode Island, April 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01683. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 88. 11.2.1 |
 | Glasswork boy, night shift, 1 a.m., Indiana, Aug. 1908. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01160. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 99. 11.2.1 |
 | Seven-year-old Tommie Noonan demonstrating the advantages of the Ideal Necktie form. Pennsylvania Avenue near 13th Street, Washington, D.C., April 1912. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 82. 11.2.1 |
 | Child labor. A view of the Pennsylvania Breaker. The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. South Pittston, Pennsylvania, January, 1911. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01133. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 77. 11.2.1 |
 | Manuel Soares, 175 Coggshall Street. Works in Bennel mill. New Bedford, MA, January 1912. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-02457. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 78. 11.2.1 |
 | Child workers coming out of Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Manchester, New Hampshire. 6:00 p.m. May 24, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01806. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 80. 11.2.1 |
 | Boys going to work at Warren Manufacturing Company, Warren, Rhode Island, 6:30 a.m., June 10, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01811. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 75. 11.2.1 |
 | A young oyster fisher. Apalachicola, Florida, January, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-00748. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 76. 11.2.1 |
 | Some of the small boys working in Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Manchester, New Hampshire. Noon, May 25, 1909. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01779. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 69. 11.2.1 |
 | Mill, Mississippi, 1911. Child labor. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-02131. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 70. 11.2.1 |
 | Sadie Pfeifer, 48 inches high, South Carolina cotton mill, 1908. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-01455. 11.2.1 |
 | Noon hour at Massachusetts Mill, Lindale, Georgia, April 12, 1913. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-77133. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 71. 11.2.1 |
 | Indiana Glass Works, 9:00 p.m., Aug. 1908. Lewis Hine photo. The National Child Labor Committee Collection, Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-nclc-05358. In Judith Gutman, Lewis Hine and the American Social Conscience, 1967, p. 74. 11.2.1 |
“The History Project provides a wonderful opportunity for university historians to learn from K-12 teachers and to engage the problems of history education in a new light.”
Charles Postel
CSUS Department of History