 | Poster ad for the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad, between Chicago and Omaha, late 1860s. "These palatial PULLMAN HOTEL CARS are run by no road except the Chicago & Northwestern Railway." A dining room scene. Note the folding upper bunks. In C. Hamilton Ellis, Railway Art, 1977, p. 53. 8.12.3, 8.12.4 |
 | A Pullman car advertisement for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, 1879. "This is the only route running Pullman dining cars east from Omaha. This is the only route running Pullman sixteen-wheel drawing room sleeping cars in America…" Dining cars are presented here as showcases of a railroad's wares. In Lucius Beebe, Mr. Pullman's Elegant Palace Car, 1961, p. 25. 8.12.3, 8.12.4 |
 | Mrs. Grover Cleveland on her passage to visit friends in Memphis stayed in this Pullman parlor car, 1893. A private drawing room and flowers of well-wishers, and outside, a romantic Southern landscape. Harper's Weekly, 1893. In Lucius Beebe, Mr. Pullman's Elegant Palace Car, 1961, p. 175. 8.12.4 |
 | The Pullman sleeping car "America," part of the Pullman exhibit at the Chicago Fair of 1893. Perhaps the most resolutely elegant car designed, its upholstery was royal blue and old-gold plush; electricity supplemented its nicely designed Pinsch gas fixtures, the berth fronts were of Honduran mahogany ornamented with a classic wreath and love-knot motif and its transoms were of leaded art glass let into a curved clerestory with intricate marquetry and gold inlay. Tufted headboards framed the lowers and velvet corded portieres set off the doorways. In Lucius Beebe, Mr. Pullman's Elegant Palace Car, 1961, p. 331. 8.12.4 |
 | Plan of Pullman, Illinois, 1885. This is an example of a complete company town conceived and built as a unit, under the direction of a team of designers who presumably embodied in the plan the most up-to-date theories and practices of town design. Built by George Pullman in the 1880s to provide his Pullman Company with a dependable, more efficient work force, this town became a showplace of company towns. However, the town was run by the enlightened paternalism of Pullman, and after the Pullman Strike of 1894, the Illinois Supreme Court ordered the Pullman Company to divest itself of all real property not required for strictly manufacturing operations. Harper's New Monthly Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 417, 1885. In John W. Reps, The Making of Urban America, Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1965, p. 423. 8.12.3, 11.2.9 |
 | Pullman workers' houses, built 1879-84. Copyright holder and location unknown. 8.12.4 |
 | Pullman's own private car, "Monitor," a super-deluxe sample and showcase of his palace car line. Built at Pullman in 1877 and known everywhere the rails were laid, its elegant appointments proved irresistible to rich men and executives, and orders poured into Pullman's book in its wake. A shrewd understanding of the value of publicity suggested that its owner place it at the disposal of every public figure of consequence for nearly three decades. Copyright holder unknown. In Lucius Beebe, Mr. Pullman's Elegant Palace Car, 1961, p. 400. 8.12.4 |
 | George Pullman's planned model suburb of Chicago about 1885. The inset (lower left) shows the plan of the city and its relation to the Pullman railroad car works. Cincinnati Historical Society, Cincinnati Museum Center, 1301 Western Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45203-1130. In Zane L. Miller, The Urbanization of Modern America, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc., New York, 1973, p. 140. 8.12.3, 11.2.9 |
 | The Pullman Strike, Chicago, 1894. A fleet of boxcars, set ablaze during the Pullman strike, burns fiercely in a Chicago yard. With rail traffic snarled, supplies dwindled and a meat famine threatened the Midwest. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, The Life History of the United States, Vol. 7, 1974, p. 93. 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | The Pullman Strike. 1894. A row of tents, homes for troops in the Pullman strike, lines a Chicago street. The famed artist Frederic Remington, sketching the strike for Harper's, damned it as a "rape of government." Leslie's Illustrated Weekly, July 19, 1894, p. 40. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, The Life History of the United States, Vol. 7, 1974, p. 93. 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | A Pullman advertisement. A languid lady promotes the advanced accommodations of a Midwestern railroad. Outlined in her chair is the route of the road. 1880-1900. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZC2-4891. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, The Life History of the United States, Vol. 8, 1974, p. 159. 8.12.3, 8.12.4 |
 | A Pullman lunchroom, detail. Eating in haste, passengers besiege a station lunch counter during the ten-minute train stop in the 1880s. Poor food at vexing prices was the traveler's lot until the spread of dining cars and restaurant chains. Detail of LB-E-20. Chicago Historical Society, Clark Street at North Ave., Chicago, IL 60614-6071. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, The Life History of the United States, Vol. 8, 1974, pp. 162-3. 8.12.4 |
 | A Pullman lunchroom in the 1880s, detail. Eating in haste, passengers besiege a station lunch counter during the ten minute train stop. Poor food at vexing prices was the traveler's lot until the spread of dining cars and restaurant chains. See also LB-E-19. Chicago Historical Society, Clark Street at North Ave., Chicago, IL 60614-6071. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, The Life History of the United States, Vol. 8, 1974, pp. 162-3. 8.12.4 |
 | "Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen: lithographed membership certificate issued at about the time Debs became active in the union." Feb. 1875. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. In David F. Selvin, Eugene V. Debs, Lothrop, Lee and Shepard, Co., 1966, p. 32. 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | The market square of Pullman. 1905. "The main boulevard is 100 feet in width. The center of the village is formed by a market building of some pretension in an open square planted with trees, surrounded by an arcade recalling Italy." Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal Conditions of Labour and Housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 386. 8.12.3, 11.2.9 |
 | W.A. Rogers cartoon, "King Debs," 1894. Harper's Weekly, 1894. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZ62-106100. In Irving Werstein, The Great Struggle - Labor in America, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1965, p. 133. 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | Houses at Pratt City, Birmingham, Alabama. "Part of Pratt City, near Birmingham in Alabama, was built by the Thomas Mine and Steel Company, but though a vast improvement on the local provision of houses for such workers, it is still below our ideals." 1905. Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal Conditions of Labour and Housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 396. 8.12.4 |
 | Pullman at its best: "Arcade Park." 1905. "Fronting on 'Arcade Park' is a block of shops, the passage between which is glazed; and there is a licensed hotel. There is one church, owned, like everything else in Pullman, by the company, which is let out to bodies desiring its use." Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal Conditions of Labour and Housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 388. 11.2.9 |
 | George Mortimer Pullman. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. In David F. Selvin, Eugene V. Debs, Lothrop, Lee and Shepard, Co., 1966, p. 73. 8.12.4 |
 | A Vandergrift (Pa.) street. "Attractive industrial village, chiefly inhabited by the employees of the American Sheet Steel Co....The houses are detached and for the most part picturesque, without disfiguring front fences." 1905. Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal Conditions of Labour and Housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 394. 8.12.4 |
 | Houses at Homewood, New York. 1905. "Attractive experiment on Long Island, a suburb of Brooklyn intended for the clerk of shopman class rather than for the artisan, but offering valuable experience as to methods, is the village of Homewood, built in 1897 by the Suburban Homes Company of New York." Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal conditions of labor and housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 415. 11.2.9 |
 | Homes built in place of shanties by the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company. "The company houses contain from four to six rooms, well planned for comfort and convenience, furnished with water connections wherever possible…plenty of open land surrounds the quaint cubical wooden buildings, into which as much diversity is introduced as is consistent with economy and consequent low rents." 1905. Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal conditions of labor and housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 391. 8.12.4 |
 | Brilliant light secured at the Weston Electrical Works. "A flood of perfect North light illuminates every part of the great room, not a shadow or a dark corner to be found." 1905. Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal conditions of labor and housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 91. 8.12.4 |
 | The Cleveland Cliffs mining yard beautified by nature. Cleveland Cliffs Iron Works, Cleveland, Michigan. 1905. Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal conditions of labor and housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 78. 8.12.5 |
 | Natural Food Co.'s "Conservatory," Niagara, New York. 1905. "The Natural Food Co. has erected a pile aptly described as 'more a palace than a factory,' surrounded by park and gardens, including a playground for children open to all." Budgett Meakin, Model Factories and Villages: Ideal conditions of labor and housing, George W. Jacobs & Co., 1905, p. 77. 11.2.9 |
 | "The Vanguard of Anarchy." 1894. Another caricature of Debs. Harper's Magazine, July 21, 1894. In David F. Selvin, Eugene Debs, Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, Co. 1966, p. 120. 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | National Guardsmen firing into an angry mob of demonstrators during the Chicago Pullman strike of 1894. Drawing. Harper's Weekly, 1894. In Eds. of American Heritage, An American Heritage Pictorial History of the Presidents of the U.S., Vol. II, 1968, pp. 572-3. 8.12.3, 8.12.6, 11.6.5 |
 | "A special patrolling train on the Rock Island Railroad, guarded by Company C of the 15th U.S. Infantry, shown at Blue Island, Illinois, during the Pullman Strike, 1894." Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. In David F. Selvin, Eugene Debs, Lothrop, Lee & Shepard, Co. 1966, p. 111. 8.12.3, 8.12.6 |
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