 | Peale Museum catalogue, 1796 The American Philosophical Society, 104 South Fifth St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3387 |
 | Philosophical Hall, home of American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, PA, built 1786-89 Copyright holder unknown. The American Philosophical Society, 104 South Fifth St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3387. |
 | General storage, ministry shop, Sabbath Day Lake, ME; building constructed 1839, cupboards 1875 Courtesy of The United Society of Shakers, 707 Shaker Road, New Gloucester, ME 04260. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Society. |
 | Corliss steam engine, Centennial Exhibition, Philadelphia, PA, 1876 "Treasures of Art, Industry and Manufacture Represented in the American Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia," 1876, Buffalo, NY, 1877. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Ave at 82nd St, New York, NY 10028-0198 |
 | Automatic can-making in flow production, organized by Edwin Norton, 1885 Copyright holder unknown. In American Machinist, July 14, 1885. The Hagley Museum and Library, PO Box 3630, Wilmington, DE 19807-0630. In David Hounshell, "From the American System to Mass Production," 1984, p. 243. |
 | First use of anaesthetic (ether), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 1847, daguerreotype Daguerreotype, Southworth and Hawes. The J. Paul Getty Museum, 1200 Getty Center Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90049–1679 |
 | Pullman Sleeper on a Vestibuled Train, 1889 Copyright holder unknown. Strong National Museum of Play®, One Manhattan Square, Rochester, NY 14607. |
 | George Washington Carver at Tuskegee Institute, AL, 1906 Frances Benjamin Johnston photo. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-J601-302 |
 | Thomas Eakins, Dr. Agnew, study for "The Agnew Clinic," c. 1899 Copyright holder and location unknown. |
 | Benjamin Silliman, chemist/geologist at Yale University, c. 1806 Copyright holder unknown. Karen Halttunen photo |
 | The New York World Building. Its Renaissance revival style and classically inspired ornamented archways, columns and pedestals, complete with four torchbearers representing Art, Literature, Science and Invention, made it clear that The World was meant as a form of public "enlightenment"....recalled the public structures of the nineteenth century....an advertisement to the mass market, a monument to Pulitzer's success, and a sign of the paper's legitimacy as a public institution. The pamphlet about the building read that its "dome was above the clouds." Pulitzer was trying to legitimize his business enterprise by housing it in a building that impressed the arbiters of good taste. Harper's Weekly, Vol. 39, 1890, p. 44. In Mona Doman, "The Symbolism of the Skyscraper," Journal of Urban History, May 1988. 8.12.9 |
 | The American Museum in its glory, 1851-52. Signs read: Jenny Lind Riding Hats, Barnum's American Museum. Note the flags and pictures of animals. Courtesy of The Museum of the City of New York, 1220 Fifth Ave. at 103rd St., New York, NY 10029. Our thanks to the Museum. In Neil Harris, Humbug: The Art of P.T. Barnum, 1973, p. 45. 8.4.4, 8.12.9 |
 | Young P.T. Barnum, starting out at age 34, 1844. Courtesy of The Museum of the City of New York, 1220 Fifth Ave. at 103rd St., New York, NY 10029. Our thanks to the Museum. In Neil Harris, Humbug: The Art of P.T. Barnum, 1973, p. 44. 8.4.4, 8.12.9 |
 | The Transportation exhibit with the Golden Door, designed by Louis Sullivan, had a vast annex full of railroad cars. Chicago Columbian Exposition, 1893. In Smithsonian Magazine, June 1993, p. 41. 8.12.9 |
 | The elegant Electricity Building enclosed 265,000 square feet, housing inventions by Edison and Nikola Tesla. Chicago Columbian Exposition, 1893. In Smithsonian Magazine, June 1993, p. 41. 8.12.9 |
 | Commodore Vanderbilt's New York Central. The Grand Central Depot at 42nd Street and 4th (now Park) Ave. was a monument to Vanderbilt's genius for business organization and a symbol of wealth. This image shows the inside of the huge station, built in 1871 by the New York Central and New Haven Railroad. Harper's Weekly, 1871. In John A. Kouwenhoven, "Adventures of America, 1857-1900: A Pictorial Record," 1938, Plate 122. 8.12.9 |
 | Grand Central Terminal, New York, 1903-1913. This elaborate cut-away diagram shows a shaft of light entering through a window in cathedral style into a huge , cathedral-like interior lobby. It shows passageways to hotels and office buildings, and the barrel-vaulted volume of the Grand Concourse glows within. Copyright holder unknown. The Pennsylvania Central Railroad, New York, NY, is defunct. In Vincent J. Scully, "American Architecture and Urbanism," 1969, p. 143, Fig. 281. 8.12.9 |
 | A. Weingartner, "Torchlight Procession Around the World...Dedicated to Young America," lithograph, 1858. "Dedication" here has a double meaning: to a youthful, exuberant nation, and to a group of radical young literary critics, mainly Democratic, who had called loudly for an American, as opposed to a British, literature. Theme: American liberty. Liberty shines in the sky and is being exported around the globe. The immediate occasion is the laying of the Atlantic cable, which will transmit the message of freedom to the Old World. There is, however, no indication of what message the Old World will transmit to the New. Evoking volunteer fire departments, the U.S. is shown as a "fire laddie," sending a bolt of electricity in the direction of England. Heathens of the world help lay the cable. Portraits: Franklin invented the use of electricity, Samuel F. B. Morse the magnetic telegraph, W.L. Hudson was the captain of the frigate Niagara, which was helping to lay cable, and Cyrus Fields was the promoter of the cable and head of the Atlantic Telegraph Co. This is a picture of American optimism, as the cable had not yet been completed. Caption: "Celebration, September 1, 1858(?)." The cable was actually completed in August 1858 but broke down two months later, and it was not a permanent success until 1866. Harry T. Peters Lithography Collection, The Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, DC 20013-7012. In Carl Bode, "Midcentury America," 1972, p. 14. 8.12.9 |
“All of the lessons and lecture notes I've used from the History Project have resulted in the best lessons in my classroom.”
Serenity Vontroba
Teacher
Natomas High School