 | The Governor's Palace, Williamsburg, VA, finished 1722 Courtesy of The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23187-1776. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Foundation. |
 | The Sussel-Washington Artist, "Exselenc Georg General Waschingdon and Ledy Waschingdon," PA, c. 1780, watercolor and ink on laid paper, 10 3/4 x 9 1/8 in. framed
Courtesy of The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23187-1776. 758.305.18. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Museum. |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Watson and the Shark," 1778, detail of Watson, oil on canvas Copyright National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785. Ferdinand Lammot Belin Fund 1963.6.1. All rights reserved. www.nga.gov |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Watson and the Shark," 1778, oil on canvas Copyright National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785. Ferdinand Lammot Belin Fund 1963.6.1. All rights reserved. www.nga.gov |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Watson and the Shark," 1778, detail of Black sailor, oil on canvas Copyright National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785. Ferdinand Lammot Belin Fund 1963.6.1. All rights reserved. www.nga.gov |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Paul Revere," Boston, Massachusetts, 1768, detail. oil on canvas, 35" x 28 1/2". Copyright Museum of Fine Arts, 465 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115-5523. Gift of Joseph W. Revere, William B. Revere, and Edward H. R. Revere. All rights reserved. |
 | Thomas Sully, "Portrait of Benjamin Rush," c. 1813 Copyright holder and location unknown. |
 | Jean-Antoine Houdon, "Benjamin Franklin," 1779, made in Paris, France; marble, 21 x 13 1/2 x 10 inches (53.3 x 34.3 x 25.4 cm)
Copyright holder unknown. Philadelphia Museum of Art, Benjamin Franklin Parkway and 26th St., Philadelphia, PA 19130. 1996-162-1. http://www.philamuseum.org. |
 | Ralph Earl, "William Carpenter," 1779, oil on canvas, 47 7/8 x 35 5/8 in. (121.6 x 90.5 cm); an English boy.
Copyright Worcester Art Museum, 55 Salisbury St, Worcester, MA 01609. All rights reserved. Museum purchase. (1916.1). Our thanks to The Museum. |
 | Benjamin Franklin (and King Louis XVI of France?), statue Copyright holder unknown. Courtesy of The New York Public Library, Fifth Ave & 42nd St, New York, NY 10018. Our thanks to The NYPL. |
 | Thomas Paine, 1793, with title page of "Common Sense," 1776 Thomas Paine National Historical Association, 983 North Ave, New Rochelle, NY 10804. |
 | Anon. artist related to Paul Revere, "The Able Doctor, or America Swallowing the Bitter Draft," the Boston Port Act, 1774 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, British Cartoon Prints Collection, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZC4-5289 |
 | Philip Dawe (attributed), "A New Method of Macarony Making, or The Brutal Treatment of John Malcolm," Commissioner of Customs, Boston, MA, 1774; from a London newspaper; "macarony" meant an affected young Englishman Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, British Cartoon Prints Collection, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-45386 |
 | "The Manner in which the American Colonies Declared themselves Independant [sic]," crowd celebrating the Declaration of Independence, 1776; a British print, 1783 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-11336 |
 | Paul Revere, "Britannia frees dove of peace;" wearing a liberty cap, Britannia frees a bird that flies towards Boston skyline, 1770, woodcut Boston Gazette masthead, Jan 1., 1770. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-45585 |
 | "The Parliament dissolved, or The Devil turn'd fortune teller"; the devil shows a lord his North American victims, engraving, n.d. Location unknown |
 | Johannes A. S. Oertel, "Pulling Down the Statue of King George III," New York City, 1859; after first
public reading of Declaration of Independence in 1776. Engraving. New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024. http://www.nyhistory.org |
 | "Lord Bute and George Grenville Hanged in Effigy," 1766, a patriot view of English officials enslaved to the devil; Lord Bute, left New York Public Library, Fifth Avenue and 42nd St, New York, NY 10018 |
 | Paul Revere, "The Bloody Massacre (Boston Massacre)," 1770, engraving American Antiquarian Society, 185 Salisbury St, Worcester, MA 01609-1634 |
 | New York City burning, Sept., 1776, as American troops fought unsuccessfully for the city; French print; etching, 1778? Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZC4-1262 |
 | J.B.A. de Verger, a French army officer, Revolutionary soldiers; rifleman second from right, African-American at left; watercolor The Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. |
 | Amos Doolittle, "The Engagement at the North Bridge in Concord, April 19, 1775," Dec., 1775; Plate III, hand-colored engraving after Ralph Earl. Plate III. New York Public Library Collection Guide: "Picturing America, 1497-1899: Prints, Maps, and Drawings bearing on the New World Discoveries and on the Development of the Territory that is now the United States." Humanities and Social Sciences Library / Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs. New York Public Library, Fifth Ave and 42nd St, New York, NY 10018 |
 | Ralph Earl, "Occupation of Concord by the British," c. 1775, detail; probably after Amos
Doolittle Copyright holder unknown. The Concord Antiquarian Museum, 200 Lexington Rd, Concord, MA |
 | Amos Doolittle, "The Battle of Lexington, April 19, 1775," Dec. 1775, engraving Still Picture Records LICON, Special Media Archives Services Division (NWCS-S), National Archives at College Park, 8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD 20740-6001. ARC Identifier: 530967 |
 | "View of the Attack on Bunker's Hill, with the Burning of Charles Town, June 17,1775." Shows British naval support, bombardment and burning of Charlestown, MA. Engraving by Lodge after the drawing by Millar, n.d. Courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1154 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02215-3695. Our thanks to The Society. |
 | Amos Doolittle after Ralph Earl, "A View of the South Part of Lexington, April 19, 1775," 1775, Plate IV New York Public Library Digital Library. Collection Guide: "Picturing America, 1497-1899: Prints, Maps, and Drawings bearing on the New World Discoveries and on the Development of the Territory that is now the United States." Humanities and Social Sciences Library / Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs. New York Public Library, Fifth Ave and 42nd St, New York, NY 10018 |
 | John Trumbull, "The Death of General Warren at the Battle of Bunker Hill," 1786 Original in Yale University Art Gallery, PO Box 208271, New Haven, CT 06520-8271. |
 | Amos Doolittle, "A View of the Town of Concord, April 19, 1775," Dec. 1775, Plate II. See also Slide 1268. New York Public Library Collection Guide: "Picturing America, 1497-1899: Prints, Maps, and Drawings bearing on the New World Discoveries and on the Development of the Territory that is now the United States." Humanities and Social Sciences Library / Print Collection, Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs. New York Public Library, Fifth Ave and 42nd St, New York, NY 10018 |
 | Broadside ad for sailors to man a privateer as British merchant men, Beverly, MA, Sept., 1776 American Antiquarian Society, 185 Salisbury St, Worcester, MA 01609-1634. Marvin Richmond photo. |
 | Unidentified artist, "America Triumphant and Britannia in Distress," Boston, MA, 1782, etching; America on the throne welcomes the trade of nations while Britain and the devil weep Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZC4-5275 |
 | Benedict Arnold being burned in effigy by Philadelphia parade, 1780 Pennsylvania Gazette, 1780. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 |
 | "Noddle Island or How are we decieved [sic]?," refers to the surprise occupation of Dorchester Heights, Boston, MA, by Americans, 1776; cartoon in London, England, newspaper Location unknown. |
 | Joseph Wright, "Benjamin Franklin," 1782, oil on canvas, 31 x 25". In the Collection of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, 500 - 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20006. Accession Number 85.5. Museum Purchase, Gallery Fund. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Corcoran. |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Paul Revere," c. 1768-70, detail of eye Copyright Museum of Fine Arts, 465 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115-5523. All rights reserved. |
 | Benedict Arnold, "who commanded the provincial troops sent against Quebec, through the wilderness of Canada, and was wounded in storming that city, under General Montgomery" ( - Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division.) 1776. The Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library, Providence, RI 02912. |
 | John Trumbull, "Death of General Montgomery in the Attack on Quebec," 1786 Yale University Art Gallery, PO Box 208271, New Haven, CT 06520-8271. |
 | "The Unfortunate Death of Major [John] Andre," 1780, executed as a British spy, by Goldar after William Hamilton, 1783 Copyright holder unknown. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-52 |
 | John Singleton Copley, "Paul Revere," c. 1768-70, detail of hand and teapot Copyright Museum of Fine Arts, 465 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115-5523. All rights reserved. |
 | Ralph Earl, "Baron von Steuben," 1786 Hall of Life Masks, Fenimore House. New York State Historical Association, PO Box 800, Cooperstown, NY 13326. |
 | Joseph Boze, "The Marquis de Lafayette," 1785-89, for Thomas Jefferson; copy Copyright holder unknown. Massachusetts Historical Society? |
 | J.B.A. de Verger (French Army officer), Revolutionary soldiers; rifleman second from right, African-American at left The Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 |
 | "View of the Attack on Bunker's Hill, with the Burning of Charles Town, June 17,1775." Shows British naval support, bombardment and burning of Charlestown, MA. Engraving by Lodge after the drawing by Millar, n.d. Courtesy of the Massachusetts Historical Society, 1154 Boylston St, Boston, MA 02215-3695. Our thanks to The Society. |
 | John Trumbull, "Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown," 1787-1796 Copyright holder unknown. Possibly Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, CT. |
 | "The Tory's Day of Judgment," 1795, E. Tisdale, artist Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-7708 |
 | John Filson, map of Kentucky showing Big Bone Lick, 1784, detail Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540. LC Control No. 99441724 |
 | Christian Gullager, America as exceptional: clothed, she awakens nude Europe, as war and want retreat in response, 1790, engraving Massachusetts Magazine, 1790 |
 | The beckoning West, for European atlas, French, 1759-81; Indians, bison, opossum Location unknown |
 | Charles B.J.F. de Saint-Memin, "Meriwether Lewis," after expedition, 1807, watercolor over graphite, 6-1/8 x 3-3/4 in. Copyright The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024. All rights reserved. http://www.nyhistory.org |
 | "Plan of a newly cleared farm at river's edge, (New Brunswick?)," engraving, c. 1791 Patrick Campbell, "Travels in the interior inhabited parts of North America in the years 1791 and 1792...", Library and Archives Canada/Credit: McIntyre/C-001529. Courtesy of Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4, CANADA #C-1529. Our thanks to the Library and Archives Canada. |
 | "Sir Edmund, Bishop of Canterbury, ...tormented by a very beautiful young woman, administered such a flagellation that her body was covered with weals" William M. Cooper (James Glass Bertram), "Flagellation and The Flagellants: A History of the Rod in All Countries..." (London, 1877) plate 9, opp. p. 134. The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, 1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 91108. In The American Historical Review, April 1995, p. 317 |
 | Benjamin West, "Agrippina Landing at Brundisium With the Ashes of Germanicus," 1768, oil on canvas, 64H x 94H in. Copyright Yale University Art Gallery, PO Box 208271, New Haven, CT 06520-8271. Gift of Louis M. Rabinowitz. All rights reserved. |
 | Hiram Powers, "The Last of the Tribes," marble, modelled 1867-72, carved 1876-1877, 66 1/8 x 22 3/4 x 32 in. (167.9 x 57.7 x 81.3 cm.)
Karen Halttunen photo. Smithsonian American Art Museum, MRC 970, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012. Museum purchase in memory of Ralph Cross Johnson. 1968.155.125. www.si.edu. |
 | Weathervane, Indian with tomahawk, New England, early 19th century Karen Halttunen photo. Shelburne Museum, PO Box 10, Shelburne, VT 05482. |
 | Cigar store figure, Indian with headress and shield, New York City, c. 1890 Karen Halttunen photo. Shelburne Museum, PO Box 10, Shelburne, VT 05482. |
 | Arthur F. Tait, "The Last War-Whoop," Currier and Ives, 1856 Courtesy of The Museum of the City of New York, 1220 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029. www.mcny.org. Our thanks to the Museum. |
 | Apache children in school uniform at Carlisle Indian school, Carlisle, PA, after Geronimo's surrender, 1886. Studio portrait (sitting and standing) of Samson Noran, Fred'k Eskelsejah, Clement Seanilzay, Hugh Chee, Ernest Hogee, Margaret Y. Nadasthilah, Humphrey Escharzay, Beatrice Kiahtel, Janette Pahgostatum, Bishop Eatennah, and Basil Ekarden. Chiricahua Apache boys and girls. US Army Signal Corps photo. Reproduction Number: X-32904. Repository: Western History/Genealogy Dept, Denver Public Library, 10 W. 14th Avenue Parkway, Denver, CO 80204 |
 | Benjamin West, "Colonel Guy Johnson and Karonghyontye (Captain David Hill)," 1776, oil on canvas, 202 x 138 cm (79 1/2 x 54 3/8 in.)
Copyright National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785. Andrew W. Mellon Collection. 1940.1.10. All rights reserved. www.nga.gov |
 | Frederick Styles Agate, "Edwin Forrest as Metamora," c. 1832, oil on canvas, 24 1/2 x 19 1/4 in.
Copyright National Portrait Gallery, Reynolds Center for American Art and Portraiture, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Victor Building–Suite 4100 MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013-7012. Gift of Kathryn and Gilbert Miller Fund, in memory of Alexander Ince (NPG.66.20). www.npg.si.edu. All rights reserved. Our thanks for the generosity of the National Portrait Gallery. |
 | George Catlin, "Osceola Nick-a-no-chee, a Boy," 1840, Seminole, oil, 52 x 40 in.
Smithsonian American Art Museum, MRC 970, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012. Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Jr. 1985.66.386,307 1/2. www.si.edu. |
 | Edward Hicks, "Penn's Treaty With the Indians," Bucks County, PA, 1830-35, oil on canvas, detail; 17 5/8 x 22 3/4 in. unframed Courtesy of The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Museum, The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, P.O. Box 1776, Williamsburg, VA 23187-1776. 1958.101.3. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Museum. |
 | John Audubon, "Swallow-tailed Kite," 1821, hand-colored engraving, 29½ by 39½ inches, a “double elephant folio.” From "The Birds of America," 1826-37. The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024. http://www.nyhistory.org |
 | John Audubon, "Mallard," c. 1825, hand-colored engraving, 29½ by 39½ inches, a “double elephant folio.” From "The Birds of America," 1826-37. The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024. http://www.nyhistory.org |
 | John Audubon, "Pileated Woodpecker," 1829, hand-colored engraving, 29½ by 39½ inches, a “double elephant folio.” From "The Birds of America," 1826-37. The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024. http://www.nyhistory.org |
 | Hiram Powers, "The Greek Slave," marble, 1843. Her head is turned down and away in the classic pose of modesty and shame. Her face and form are idealized but her clothing, manacles and cross are realistically wrought down to the smallest detail. An image of domination of woman by man. Photographer unknown. The Corcoran Museum of Art, 500 17th St., NW, Washington DC 20006. In Richard P. Wunder, Hiram Powers, Vermont Sculptor, Vol. II, 1991, Plate 188, pp. 160. Our thanks to The Corcoran. 8.1.3, 8.6.7 |
 | John White, drawing of Secotan, a 16th century Indian town, depicting hunting, tobacco planting and a feast. North Carolina. See also IA-A-1. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZ62-583. All rights reserved. In American Heritage, VII, 6, Oct. 1956, p. 11. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne. Kneeling and dressed with shield and holding stick, Chief Outina consults his priest before battle, watercolor, Florida, c. 1565. See matching detail, IA-A-18. Copyright holder unknown. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 34. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne, an Indian "sorcerer" kneeling on a shield, watercolor, Florida, c. 1565. See matching detail, IA-A-17. Copyright holder unknown. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 34. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne, a fortified Indian village in what is now Florida, watercolor painting, c. 1565. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZ62-367. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 26. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne, Indians disguised in deerskins, hunting deer, watercolor painting, c. 1565. Florida. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZ62-31871. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 27. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne, bow and arrow practice among Florida Indians, watercolor painting, c. 1565. Detail. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. LC-USZ62-37992. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 32. 8.1.3 |
 | Jacques Le Moyne, Indians' spring rites with the body of a stuffed stag, watercolor painting, Florida, c. 1565. Location unknown. In Norman A. Graebner, A History of the U.S., Vol. I, 1970, p. 33. 8.1.3 |
 | "Northeastern Indians beside their mat-covered wigwam," diorama. Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, DC 20013-7012. In Oscar Handlin, Immigration, 1972, p. 7. 8.1.3 |
 | A romantic interpretation of nomadic Indian life, S. Eastman drawing. In Oscar Handlin, Immigration, 1972, p. 3. 8.1.3 |
 | An Indian settlement, from Theodore DeBry's America. See IA-A-20 for a color version by John White. Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-52444. In Edwin C. Rozwenc, ed., The Making of American Society, I, 1973, p. 18. 8.1.3 |
 | Hiram Powers, "The Greek Slave," marble, 1843. On tour of American cities in 1847. In the explanation that accompanied her, her nudity represented the oppression of Greece by Turkey. This figure was so popular that Powers eventually made six versions of her. Copyright Newark Museum, 49 Washington St, Newark, NJ 07102. All rights reserved. In American Heritage, Aug. 1976, p. 62. 8.1.3, 8.6.7 |
 | Plan of New Orleans, Louisiana, 1764. New Orleans was founded by the French in 1722, and this plan illustrates some of the features of French colonial towns in North America, especially those founded along the Mississippi River. One common feature is the "Place d'Armes" (the parade ground), a large square centrally located on the river's edge. Belin, "Le Petit Atlas Maritime," 1764. Olin Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853. In John W. Reps, "The Making of Urban America," Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1965, p. 83. 8.1.3 |
 | Plan of Williamsburg, Virginia, 1782. This town, planned by Francis Nicholson, was one of the most successful efforts in community planning. Located at each end of the Duke of Gloucester Street (the principal street of the town, which runs from right to left) are William and Mary College and the state Capitol building. Midway between them is the Market Square, on or around which are sites for the courthouse, magazine and church. Library of the College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795. In John W. Reps, "The Making of Urban America," Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1965, p. 112. 8.1.3 |
 | Ca-P01-a2
"Loyalist Landing." Loyalists from New York arrive at the mouth of the St John River, St John, New Brunswick, Spring 1783. Adam Sherriff Scott painting, c. 1950s?
Copyright © The New Brunswick Historical Society, Loyalist House, 120 Union St, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 1A3 CANADA. All rights reserved. Non-commercial use only. |
 | Ca-P01-a3
"Encampment of the Loyalists at Johnstown [Cornwall, Ontario], a new settlement on the banks of the River St. Lawrence," 1784. J. R. Simpson copy, 1925, after James Peachey.
Museum Program Drawings, Dept of Education, Archives of Ontario, I0003081, 77 Grenville St, Unit 300, Toronto, ON M5S 1B3 CANADA. Ref. Code: RG 2-344-0-0-89. |
 | Ca-P02-d1
"Joseph Brant's last home, Burlington Bay" (now called Hamilton Bay), 1804, at the head of Lake Ontario, Burlington, Ontario. "The artist included two Indians in the foreground, next to a settler's fence, to convey the hybridity of Brant's identity." - Prof. Alan Taylor. Edward Walsh painting. William L. Clements Library, The University of Michigan, 909 S University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1190. |
 | Ca-P01-b4
Sir Guy Carleton, Lord Dorchester, c. 1763, Governor-General of British North America (1768-78, 1786-96). He defended Québec against American invasion, 1775-76. After the Americans won their revolution, Carleton oversaw the resettlement of many Loyalists wanting to leave the 13 colonies, and he helped former slaves escape despite the objections of the Americans, who wanted them returned. In all, he resettled about 30,000 in Canada. Mabel B. Messer portrait. Copyright © Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0NT CANADA. C-002833. All rights reserved. |
 | Ca-P01-e2
Alexander or Thomas McKee, c. 1790, a Canadian soldier, possibly the son of a Shawnee mother. Alexander promoted the alliance of the Shawnee and other Northwest Indian tribes with the British. His son Thomas became superintendent of Indian affairs for the Northwestern District of Canada in 1796 and served as a major in the militia during the War of 1812. Because the uniform is that of an officer of the British 60th Regiment of Foot of the 1790s, the painting is likely that of Thomas. Unidentified artist. The William L. Clements Library, The University of Michigan, 909 S University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1190. |
 | Ca-P02-b4
A light infantryman and a hussar of the Queen's Rangers, led by Col. John Graves Simcoe during the American Revolutionary War. They fought throughout the war and surrendered with Lord Cornwallis to the Americans at Yorktown in 1781. In 1791 Simcoe was appointed first British governor of Upper Canada (present-day Ontario). - Library of Congress. Jarvis Collegiate Institute, 495 Jarvis St, Toronto, ON M4Y 2G8 CANADA. In John Graves Simcoe, "A Journal of the Operations of the Queen's Rangers, from the End of the year 1777, to the Conclusion of the Late American War," (Exeter, 1787). The British Library, Early Printed Collections, St Pancras, 96 Euston Rd, London, England NW1 2DB UNITED KINGDOM. |
 | Ca-P01-d3
Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant), c. 1807. "Born in 1742, he was a Mohawk chief who helped gain Indian support for the British in the French and Indian War (1754-63). From 1763 to 1776, Brant and his tribe assisted the British in the American Revolution by attacking the American settlers. After the Revolution, unable to negotiate a land settlement with the American government, Brant obtained a land grant in Canada and he and his followers settled in the area now known as Brantford, Ontario, which was named after him. The last years of his life were spent seeing to the welfare of his people and translating the Bible into the Mohawk language. He died in 1807." - Prof. Troy Johnson. William Bent Berczy portrait.
Copyright © National Gallery of Canada, 380 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1N 9N4 CANADA. No. 5777. All rights reserved. Text: Prof. Troy Johnson, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd, Long Beach, CA 90840. |
 | Ca-P03-c3
Possibly Tecumseh (1768-1813), the Shawnee chief who tried to unite the First Nations of the Ohio Valley to defend themselves against the growing United States of America. Killed in the War of 1812 at the Battle of the Thames, he is a national hero in Canada. Unidentified artist, painting, late 19th c.
Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605-2496. |
 | Ca-P01-a4
King George III of England (1738-1820), 1771. Johann Zoffany, oil on canvas. Copyright © The Royal Collection, The Surveyor of The Queen's Works of Art, York House, St James's Palace, London, England SW1A 1BQ UNITED KINGDOM. All rights reserved. |
 | Ca-P03-a3
Montréal, 1803. "Northwest View of the City of Montréal," Richard Dillon aquatint. Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. W.H. Coverdale Collection of Canadiana. Acc. No. 1970-188-2285. |
 | Rev-p11-c03
The Battle of Cowpens, SC, 1781, shows the famous William Washington-Banastre Tarleton sword fight in which Washington’s servant rode up, fired his pistol at a British officer, and saved Washington’s life. Since most servants were African-American, Ranney painted him as such. - National Park Service. The Battle of Cowpens was an American victory, crucial in re-taking South Carolina from the British during the American Revolution. William Ranney, oil on canvas, 1845. Sam Holland photo. South Carolina State House, 1101 Gervais St, Columbia, SC 29201. Collection of Dr. J. Lewi Donhauser. |
 | Rev-p10-c02
After a series of military victories, the French took over Fort St. Louis in Senegal from the British, 1782. The British had overextended themselves, frittering away their money, troops and ships around the world, thereby losing colonies in America and Senegal, as depicted here. Library of Congress Rare Books Division, Washington, DC 20540. |
 | Rev-p13-b03
"Battle of the Saintes," near Guadeloupe, West Indies, a 1782 sea battle during the American Revolution. The British Navy under Adm. Rodney defeated Adm. Comte de Grasse's French fleet, which was fighting for American freedom. Survivors continue the battle in open boats. The victory gave Britain supremacy in the West Indies. - National Geographic. US Naval Academy Museum, 118 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402-5034. Text: Bart McDowell, ed., "The Revolutionary War: America's Fight for Freedom," (National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20036-4688) 1967, p. 186. |
 | Rev-p04-a02
Map: The Routes of American Generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold to their attack on Québec, 1775: Parts of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Canada, where the St Lawrence River flows northwest to Québec from Lake Champlain. With recent overlay showing the American routes.
John Marshall, "Life of Washington," (Philadelphia, 1804-07). New York Public Library, Map Division, Fifth Ave & 42nd St, New York, NY 10018. |
 | Rev-p17-b03
"Chief Cornplanter," or Kaintwakon (1750–1836), a Seneca war chief and ally of the British who led Iroquois warriors in battle against the Americans during the American Revolution. After the war he became a noted diplomat, but learned to distrust the American government and avoided contact with whites, except for Quakers. Frederick Bartoli painting, 1796. Original portrait in Collection of New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park W, New York, NY 10024. New York State Museum, 222 Madison Ave, Albany, NY 12230. Cat. No. 36700. |
 | Rev-p09-b01
The world's first combat submarine: David Bushnell's Turtle Submarine, 1775. Its purpose was to break the British naval blockade of New York harbor during the American Revolution, but failed. John Grafton, "The American Revolution: A Picture Sourcebook," (Dover Publications, Inc., 31 E 2nd St, Mineola, NY 11501-3852) 1975. Drawing seems to be based on US Navy's image at website, "Submarine Technology Through the Years," Chief of Naval Operations, Submarine Warfare Division (N87), 2000 Navy Pentagon, Washington, DC 20350-2600. Submarine Centennial Logo. |
 | Rev-p04-b02
"The Death of General Montgomery in Attack on Québec," 1775. The unsuccessful American invasion of Canada was led by Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed in the attack. W. Ketterlinus engraving, 1808, after Jonathan Trumbull oil on canvas, 1786. Original atYale University Art Gallery, PO Box 208271, New Haven, CT 06520-8271. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-76464. |
 | Rev-p11-d02
"General Rochambeau and General Washington preparing the siege of Yorktown, 1781." Behind Washington is the Marquis de La Fayette. L.C.A. Couder, oil on canvas, 1836. French School.
Original painting at Musée national de Versailles. G.I.P. Centre de recherche du château de Versailles, Pavillon de Jussieu, RP 834, 78008 Versailles cedex, FRANCE. N° inventaire: CFA C 198. © Gérard Blot. Copyright © Réunion des musées nationaux. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p10-a02
Charles Gravier, Count de Vergennes, foreign minister of French King Louis XVI. A politician and diplomat, he supported the American colonies, as long as they were winning, against the British during the American Revolution, c. 1775. Unidentified artist. The Granger Collection, 381 Park Ave S, New York, NY 10016. |
 | Rev-p18-c02
Gen. John Sullivan (1740-95), c. 1775. American politician and soldier. A member of the Continental Congress and later Governor of New Hampshire, he followed a scorched-earth policy against the Iroquois, starving them by destroying their land, 1779. Richard Morrell Staigg painting. Independence National Historical Park, US National Park Service, 143 S Third St, Philadelphia, PA 19106. Image available at: http://www.americanrevwar.homestead.com/files/SULLIVAN.HTM. |
 | Rev-p07-a04
Four Soldiers of the American Revolution (from left): "A Black soldier of the 1st Rhode Island Regiment, a New England militiaman, a frontier rifleman, and a French officer." - Atlantic Canada Virtual Archives. J.B.A. de Verger watercolor, c. 1781.
Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University Library, Providence, RI 02912. Text: Atlantic Canada Virtual Archives, "Black Loyalists in New Brunswick, 1783-1854," atlanticportal.hil.unb.ca/acva. |
 | Rev-p19-a01
Baron Hector de Carondelet, who relieved Esteban Miró as Governor of Spanish Louisiana and West Florida (1791-97). He allied with local Indian tribes to defend disputed territory against US settlers, and negotiated with Gen. James Wilkinson in an effort to take trans-Appalachian territories from the US for Spain. Copyright © Louisiana State Museum, PO Box 2448, New Orleans, LA 70176. Stephen Duplantier. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p08-b03
Friederike von Riedesel (1746-1808), 1762, at age 16, the wife of Gen. Friedrich von Riedesel, commander of a Hessian regiment from Brunswick, Germany, hired by the British to fight with them against the Americans. She nursed soldiers, complained about the British generals, and wrote a valuable memoir about women during the Revolution. As prisoners of war, she and her family were treated by Americans as honored guests. J.H. Tischbein der Ältere painting. Dr. Hubertus Riedesel, Freiherr zu Eisenbach, Wartenburg, Germany. In Wolfgang Griep (Hg.): "Mit dem Mut einer Frau," (Berlin: Verlag Neues Leben, 1989). Das Neue Berlin Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Neue Grünstr. 18, 10179 Berlin, GERMANY. |
 | Rev-p19-a02
Esteban Miró, the Spanish governor of Louisiana (1785-91), opened the Mississippi River to American commerce. Spain dominated the Southwest until the end of the 18th century. Historic New Orleans Collection, 533 Royal St, New Orleans, LA 70130. |
 | Rev-p04-b03
"Death of Gen. Richard Montgomery" (1738-75), at the Battle of Québec during the unsuccessful American invasion of Canada, 1775. Print after Alonzo Chappel painting. Alonzo Chappel original Copyright © Chicago Historical Society, 1601 W Clark St, Chicago, IL 60614. All rights reserved. Print online at: Historical Narratives of Early Canada: www.uppercanadahistory.ca/uel/uel2p12d.jpg. |
 | Rev-p05-c03
Thomas Paine (1737-1809), the radical English writer and immigrant to America who helped to incite the American Revolution with his powerful pamphlet, "Common Sense" (1776), a plea for America's independence from Britain. George Washington praised its "sound doctrine and unanswerable reasoning." Paine also influenced the French Revolution and nearly paid for it with his life. He died in poverty in the US, hounded by Federalists and religious conservatives. Chicago Historical Society, 1601 N Clark St, Chicago, IL 60614. Also, Boston Athenaeum, 10-1/2 Beacon St, Boston, MA 02108. www.bostonathenaeum.org. |
 | Rev-p06-d04
Hessian (German) soldiers of the Prinz Karl Regiment, who fought for the British in the American Revolution, c. 1784. J.H. Carl painting, "Hochfürst. Hessisches Corps." Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Box A, Brown University Library, Providence, RI 02912. |
 | Rev-p17-c02
Joseph Brant, Thayendanegea, the Mohawk Chief of the Six Nations, at age 34, London, 1776. "During the American Revolutionary War, Brant (1742-1807) was given the rank of captain and fought on the side of the British. This portrait was painted on the occasion of Brant's trip to England to negotiate the role of the Iroquois Confederation of the Six Nations in the conflict. He wears the silver gorget (a piece of armor for the throat) presented to him by George III. His Mohawk name, Thayendanegea, means 'two sticks bound together,' denoting strength." - National Gallery of Canada. George Romney, oil on canvas.
National Gallery of Canada, 380 Sussex Dr, Box 427, Station A, Ottawa, ON K1N 9N4 CANADA. Transfer from the Canadian War Memorials, 1921. (no. 8005) |
 | Rev-p10-d04
"Attack on Grenada by the French," 1779. French ships in the bay before the town of St George's, island of Grenada, have landed French troops, who assault the hill in the foreground. A British battery fires on the fleet from the hill in the background. Pierre Ozanne. "Vue du fort et ville de St. George dans l'isle de la Grenade et du Morne de l'hôpital emporte d'assaut par les troupes françoises aux ordres du vice-Amiral d'Estaing le 4 juillet 1779." Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-7697. |
 | Rev-p12-c03
"Opposing lines, Battle of the Virginia Capes," 1781, and Corwallis's surrender. Top and bottom: The French and British lines fire broadside at each other. Middle: Map of Yorktown, showing the allied siege, the French ships blockading Chesapeake Bay, and the action of the following Battle of the Virginia Capes. Pierre Joseph Jennet, 1781, contemporary watercolors, French logbook. Top and bottom: Huntington Library, 1151 Oxford Rd, San Marino, CA 91108. Middle: Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540. Courtesy of Naval Historical Foundation, 1306 Dahlgren Ave SE, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC 20374-5055. |
 | Rev-p09-c03
Thaddeus Kosciuszko (1746-1817), a Polish general who led Poland's uprising against Russia in 1794. He had fought in the American Revolutionary War on the American side, for which the US Congress awarded him the rank of Brigadier-General. Owner and location unknown. Formerly at Fawley Court Foundation, Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, England, UNITED KINGDOM. |
 | Rev-p19-d04
"An Osage Warrior," 1804. "By the 19th century the Osage tribe were living in Missouri. In 1804 members of the Meriwether Lewis and William Clark expedition encountered the Osage. They gave a friendly reception to the explorers and were extremely interested in trading goods. They were given peace medals and the following year some of their leaders visited Washington where they met President Thomas Jefferson, who described them as 'the finest men we have ever seen.' He also arranged for them to be painted by Charles Fevret de Saint-Mémin. The Osage raised crops but during the summer they went on buffalo hunts in Kansas. In about 1820 the Osage migrated from Missouri to Kansas. Hunting buffalo now became more important to the tribe. Every part of the buffalo was used. They provided them with food (meat), shelter (buffalo skin tipi covers), clothing (hide robes), fuel (dried buffalo dung), tools (horn spoons and bone hide scrapers), weapons (buffalo hide shields and bow strings) and equipment (rawhide envelopes for storing food). The Osage were friendly to the American settlers and served as army scouts. However, in 1870 they were forcibly removed to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma." - John Simkin, Spartacus Educational. Copyright © Winterthur Museum & Country Estate, Winterthur, DE 19735. All rights reserved. Text: John Simkin, Spartacus Educational, www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWosage. |
 | Rev-p10-a04
The Marquis de Lafayette, 1789. After serving with distinction in the American Revolution, Lafayette returned to his homeland. During the early stages of the French Revolution Lafayette's popularity and his moderate views enabled him to promote compromise between conflicting political factions. A personal friend and admirer of General Washington, he became a friend and collaborator with Jefferson during Jefferson's time in Paris. - Library of Congress. Thomas Jefferson commissioned this copy of Joseph Boze's portrait of Lafayette. Copyprint of Gilbert de Motier oil on canvas. Library of Congress, Washington, DC 20540. www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jeffworld.html. |
 | Rev-p07-c04
"Six-Pence a Day: Exposed to the Horrors of War, Pestilence and Famine, for a Farthing an Hour," 1775. A skinny British soldier leaves home to fight in America while his poor wife and children beg him to stay and his plump countrymen swill beer and gossip. William Humphrey engraving. Chicago Historical Society, 1601 N Clark St, Chicago, IL 60614. |
 | Rev-p10-d03
Map: Pensacola, FL, 1781, showing various locations of the Spanish fleet under Bernardo de Gálvez. The fleet defeated the British in West Florida, greatly aiding the American Revolution. The William L. Clements Library, The University of Michigan, 909 S University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1190. Clinton Map 337. |
 | Rev-p10-e03
French soldiers who fought for the American Revolution, wearing their uniforms of the Soissonnois, Limousin and Bretagne Regiments, c. 1780. Studio of Nicolaus Hoffman. Blérancourt Museum, Musée National de la Cooperation Franco-Américaine (National Museum of French-American Friendship and Cooperation), Château de Blérancourt, 02300 Blérancourt, FRANCE. CFA C 185 15. Copyright © Direction des Musées de France, 1986. 000DE025393. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p08-e03
Baron Friedrich von Steuben (1730-94). George Washington commissioned this gay Prussian officer to form the Continental Army, and von Steuben's contributions to the American Revolution were critical to its victory. Ralph Earl, oil on board, 1786. Copyright © New York State Historical Association, Fenimore Art Museum, PO Box 800, Cooperstown, NY 13326. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p10-e02
French Admiral Charles Hector, Comte d'Estaing, commander of the first French fleet sent to help the American colonists during the American Revolution. A royalist, he was guillotined in 1794 during the French Revolution. After F. Freisthien.
Copyright © Bibliothèque nationale, quai François-Mauriac, 75706 Paris Cedex 13, FRANCE. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p04-c04
Building the Valcour Flotilla. To defend Lake Champlain, a strategic route between the rebel colonies and Canada, the American Gen. Benedict Arnold "directed the construction of 17 armed ships at Skenesborough, NY in the summer of 1776. The British, moving from Canada, had to stop to build their own 53-vessel flotilla." - National Geographic. Artist unknown, n.d. Copyright © National Life Insurance Co., 1 National Life Dr, Montpelier, VT 05604-0001. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p02-c02
"The Bloody Massacre" (the Boston Massacre), "perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a party of the 29th Regt.," 1770. "British troops firing on a group of citizens on a street in Boston, Massachusetts, with the Royal Custom House known as 'Butcher's Hall' on the right, and the First Church and Town House in the background. Some of the wounded are being carried away from the scene, others lie in the street." - Library of Congress. Paul Revere engraving. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-ppmsca-19159. |
 | Rev-p19-d02
Forced to sign away their rights to the Ohio Valley in the Treaty of Greenville, 1795, Native Americans made their marks beside the English spelling of their names. US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Rd, College Park, MD 20740-6001. |
 | Rev-p10-b03
"Franklin's Reception at the Court of France, 1778." "In this idealized version of Franklin's appearance at the Court in Versailles on March 20, 1778, King Louis XVI avowed the treaty of alliance between France and the United States by formally receiving the American commissioners. Franklin played the part of the rustic sage as he shrewdly calculated the sophisticated courtiers would want to see him - wigless, bespectacled, and donning his 'Quaker' suit of sober brown. He appeared again at the French court one year later as the US Minister to France." - Library of Congress. And he made it known that he "loved the Ladies." Anton Hohenstein lithograph.
(Philadelphia: John Smith, c. 1869.) US National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Rd, College Park, MD 20740-6001. ARC Identifier: 518217. Also, Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-pga-01591. |
 | Rev-p03-b02
The Battle of Lexington, 1775, detail. Amos Doolittle (engraver) and Ralph Earl (artist), 1775. "The Doolittle engravings of the battles of Lexington and Concord in 1775," Plate I, 1775. Connecticut Historical Society, 1 Elizabeth St, Hartford, CT 06105. |
 | Rev-p17-b04
"Colonel Guy Johnson and Karonghyontye (Captain David Hill)," 1776. "The British superintendent of northeastern America's six Indian nations, Guy Johnson commissioned this impressive portrait in 1776 while in London to secure that royal appointment. Sailing from Canada, Johnson must have been accompanied by his close friend Karonghyontye, a Mohawk chief who also went by the English name of David Hill. The alliance between British forces and several Indian tribes seriously threatened the rebel colonists' chances of victory during the Revolutionary War. For this likeness, Benjamin West devised a complex allegory. To signify Johnson's role as ambassador to the Indians, his red-coated uniform is equipped with moccasins, wampum belt, Indian blanket, and Mohawk cap. Karonghyontye points to a peace pipe, while Johnson grasps a musket. This suggests that harmony between Europeans and Indians will be maintained at all costs. The concept of cooperation extends to the background, where an Indian family gathers peacefully before a British military tent. West claimed that Pennsylvania Indians had taught him to mix paints from berries and clays when he was a child. A notably diplomatic man, he served George III as a court painter while urging the king to grant independence to the colonists!" - National Gallery of Art. Benjamin West, oil on canvas.
Copyright © National Gallery of Art, 2000B South Club Dr, Landover, MD 20785. Andrew W. Mellon Collection. 1940.1.10. |
 | Rev-p16-e01
Map: "A Plan of the several Villages in the Illinois country" south of St. Louis, 1778. "By the middle of the 18th century about 1500 people - 500 of whom were slaves - lived in these villages. They produced a formidable quantity of cereals and other crops, much of which was exported downstream to the new focus of French power around New Orleans. Indeed, the Illinois Country, which had been largely peopled from Canada, looked more and more towards New Orleans as time went by, and the Mississippi valley came to be a sort of French preserve." - Newberry Library. (London, 1778.) Thomas Hutchins map based on French map, Paris. Newberry Library, 60 W. Walton St, Chicago, IL 60610. Edward E. Ayer Collection. |
 | Rev-p10-c01
French Admiral Suffren meeting with the Indian ruler Hyder Ali, his ally and the leader of the Mysore revolt against British rule in India, 1783. Suffren engaged the British fleet in the last battles of the American Revolution, which were fought on the other side of the world - on the Indian and Ceylonese coasts. J.B. Morret engraving, 1789. Original painting Copyright © Bibliothèque nationale de France, site François-Mitterrand, quai François-Mauriac, 75706 Paris Cedex 13, FRANCE. All rights reserved. |
 | Rev-p10-a03
Pierre-Augustin Caron de Beaumarchais, 1755. French author of "The Barber of Seville" and "The Marriage of Figaro," and spy for the Americans in their revolution. "While the Committee of Secret Correspondence was meeting in Philadelphia with agents of France, Arthur Lee was meeting in London with Beaumarchais...who was a French agent. Lee's inflated reports of patriot strength, which either he fabricated for Beaumarchais' benefit or were provided by Lee's regular correspondent, Sam Adams, won the Frenchman to the American cause. Beaumarchais repeatedly urged the French Court to give immediate assistance to the Americans, and on Feb. 29, 1776 addressed a memorial to Louis XVI quoting Lee's offer of a secret long-term treaty of commerce in exchange for secret aid to the war of independence. Beaumarchais explained that France could grant such aid without compromising itself, but urged that 'success of the plan depends wholly upon rapidity as well as secrecy: Your Majesty knows better than any one that secrecy is the soul of business, and that in politics a project once disclosed is a project doomed to failure.' With the memorial, Beaumarchais submitted a plan proposing that he set up a commercial trading firm as a cover for the secret French aid; he requested and was granted one million livres to establish a firm to be known as Roderigue Hortalez et Cie for that purpose. Beaumarchais' memorial was followed by one of March 12, 1776, by the French Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Comte de Vergennes. Royal assent was granted, and by the time Silas Deane arrived in Paris, French aid was on its way to the patriots. Deane expanded the Franco-American relationship, working with Beaumarchais and other French merchants to procure ships, commission privateers, recruit French officers, and purchase French military supplies declared 'surplus' for that purpose." - US Central Intelligence Agency. Copy of Jean-Marc Nattier painting. Original painting Copyright © Coll. de la Comédie française, Salle Richelieu, place Colette, Paris 1er, FRANCE. All rights reserved. Text: US Central Intelligence Agency, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20505. July 2008. |
 | Rev-p10-c04
The Comte de Rochambeau, 1782. "A fine leader, administrator, and strategist....In March 1780, Rochambeau was selected by French King Louis XVI to command the army being sent to America. He was given orders to cooperate with Gen. Washington. Rochambeau's patience and discretion made him an excellent choice....The success at Yorktown was very much a result of this expertise and his leadership skills....Rochambeau returned to France a hero," and although a nobleman, survived the French Revolution. Charles Willson Peale, oil on canvas, 1782.
Copyright © Maryland State Archives, Portrait Gallery, 350 Rowe Blvd, Annapolis, MD 21401. Acc. No. MSA SC 1545-1067. All rights reserved. Text: Colonial National Historical Park, US National Park Service, PO Box 210, Yorktown, VA 23690. |
 | Rev-p10-a01
Louis XVI, King of France, age 21, 1775, executed by guillotine during the French Revolution, 1793. Joseph-Siffred Duplessis, oil on canvas.
Musée national du Château de Versailles, Versailles 78000 FRANCE. |
 | Rev-p10-e04
Map: The siege of Mobile, in which Spanish troops under Col. Bernardo de Gálvez, Governor of Louisiana, defeated the British fleet in 1780, American Revolution. British Library, Map Room, St Pancras, 96 Euston Rd, London, England NW1 2DB UNITED KINGDOM. Crown Collection, series 1, v. 2, no. 3. |
 | Rev-p06-e04
"The Capture of the Hessians at Trenton," c. 1790. John Trumbull, "artist (and Connecticut militiaman) captures the moment when Washington accepts the surrender of Col. Rall commanding the German troops in the town. Rall, wounded during the fight, later died." - US National Guard. Oil painting.
Yale University Art Gallery, PO Box 208271, New Haven, CT 06520-8271. Text: National Guard Bureau, 1411 Davis Hwy, Arlington, VA 22202-3231. |
 | Rev-p10-c03
"An Accurate Map of the Caribby Islands," 1759, "one of the theaters of the Seven Years War, the broader war of which the French & Indian War was part. It shows the islands running from Puerto Rico in the north to Trinidad in the south. It indicates by which country each island is claimed and shows the major forts." - Philadelphia Print Shop. Thomas Kitchin engraving.
(London Magazine, March 1759.) Philadelphia Print Shop, Ltd., 8441 Germantown Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19118. |
“The History Project at UC Davis always delivers high quality lectures and useful lessons for the classroom.”
Arlis Groves
Teacher
Toby Johnson Middle School, Elk Grove Unified School District