 | Court cupboard, Plymouth Colony, MA, 17th c., red oak, red and white cedar, white pine and maple
1665–1675
Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, 600 Main St, Hartford, CT 06103. Wallace Nutting Collection, Gift of J. Pierpont Morgan, 1926.289 |
 | Turned chairs, 17th century Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, 600 Main St, Hartford, CT 06103. |
 | Four-handled cup, 1631 Karen Halttunen photo |
 | Armchair, c. 1650 Copyright holder unknown. |
 | "Plymouth Rock and Portico" with Mayflower II, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "The Pilgrim Maiden, Brewster Gardens, Plymouth," MA, 1924, tinted postcard Copyright holder unknown. The National Society Of New England Women. Alfred S. Burbank, publisher, Plymouth, MA. Copyright Henry A. Kitson. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Forefathers' Monument, Plymouth," MA, 1889, granite, 81 feet tall; the central figure is "Faith"; postcard, with message postmarked "Manomet Feb. 2, 1910" Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. The Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360 |
 | Jennie Brownscombe, "The First Thanksgiving," 1914, modern postcard Copyright Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360. Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. All rights reserved. |
 | N.C. Wyeth, "John Alden and Priscilla," 1940-45, print from original, 8'9" x 10'1" Copyright MetLife Archives, 1 Madison Ave, 1M-F New York, NY 10010. All rights reserved. |
 | George H. Boughton, "Why don't you speak for yourself, John?," 1880s Alfred S. Burbank printer, Plymouth, MA. Alden Kindred of America, Inc., 105 Alden St, Duxbury, MA 02332 |
 | Charles Lucy, "Landing of the Pilgrims," 1850, color postcard Copyright Plimoth Plantation, Inc.: The Living History Museum of 17th Century Plymouth, PO Box 1620, Plymouth, MA 02362. All rights reserved. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Mary Chilton Leap," before 1884 Samuel A. Drake, "A Book of New England Legends and Folklore," 1884, rev. ed. 1969, p. 239 |
 | Plymouth Rock in 1850 Samuel A. Drake, "Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast," 1875 |
 | Plymouth Rock, before 1876, engraving Losting Barritt engraving. Samuel A. Drake, "Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast," 1875 |
 | "Pilgrim Hall," tinted postcard dated July 21, 1909 and inscribed, "We were here last Friday." Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Medallion image of the Pilgrim landing William T. Hollis, "Old Plymouth: A Guide," Avery and Doten Publishers, 1878, p. 86 |
 | "America's Hometown, Historic Plymouth, MA," modern postcard, 10 images Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Canopy over Rock" with people walking across, with Plymouth Rock House and early autos, c. 1910, postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Pilgrim Hall," with circular iron fence enclosing upper part of Rock, 1834-1880 Copyright Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360. Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. All rights reserved. |
 | Hammatt Billings' canopy over Plymouth Rock, 1866, photo Copyright The Library of the University of Virginia, PO Box 400113, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2498. All rights reserved. |
 | "Landing of the Pilgrims," 1834, Losting-Barrett engraving after Henry Sargent's painting of 1818-22 Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. The Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360 |
 | Canopy over "Plymouth Rock," postcard dated July 26, 1906, inscribed, "I meant to say that was where WE landed today." Rotograph Co., 1905. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Mayflower II in Bay Copyright holder unknown. Panorama Color Slide Co. |
 | Plymouth Rock, tinted postcard, c. 1907 Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Obelisk marker on Governor Bradford's grave, Burial Hill, Plymouth, MA, color postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Burial Hill, Plymouth, MA, color photo Location unknown |
 | Back-page ads in Plymouth, MA, guidebook, 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878, p. 96 |
 | List of Pilgrim relics, checked in pencil, in Plymouth, MA, guidebook, 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878, p. 88 |
 | "Pilgrim Hall," drawing, 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878, p. 71 |
 | Title page of "Old Plymouth: A Guide," 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878, title page |
 | "Interior of Pilgrim Hall" with two major paintings, color postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Canopy over Plymouth Rock," 1878, drawing "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1881, p. 75 |
 | "Monument Over Forefathers' Rock," Victorian canopy over rock, Plymouth, MA, 1883, drawing Samuel Adams Drake, "A Book of New England Legends and Folklore," 1883, p. 382 |
 | Pilgrim Plymouth: "The Mayflower, The First Street, Plymouth Rock, Canopy Over Plymouth Rock," n.d., postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Arrival of the Boat, Showing Rock and Canopy," carriage and auto, Plymouth, MA, 1920?, color postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Cornerstone for Hammatt Billings' canopy for Plymouth Rock, laid Aug. 2, 1859, photo Location unknown |
 | Plymouth Rock canopy, containing the bones of some Pilgrims, 1867, photo Location unknown |
 | "Plymouth Rock: This rock will be lowered to the position it was in at the time of the Landing," 1921,
photo Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Font made of piece of Plymouth Rock, Pilgrim Fathers' Memorial Church, Southwark, England, UK, 1955, photo Copyright holder unknown. In Stacy B.C. Wood, Jr., "Pilgrim Memorials Around the World," The Society of Mayflower Descendants in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. http://www.sail1620.org |
 | Fuller Cradle, Duxbury, MA, 1680-1720, drawing Copyright holder unknown. Private collection. In W.H. Bartlett, "The Pilgrim Fathers" (London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co., 1853) |
 | Back page of Plymouth, MA, guidebook, 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1881 |
 | "Plymouth, Mass., Plymouth Rock"; view looking ocean-ward of canopy over rock, gates open; n.d., 1910?, tinted postcard
Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Peter Rothermel, "Pilgrims' First Sabbath at Clark's Island," also known as "First New England Sabbath," c. 1850, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Governor Carver's chair and old Dutch cradle brought over in the Mayflower, Plymouth, Mass.," 1915, color postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Sword, pot and platter of Miles Standish," before 1903, sepia postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Miles Standish's sword, platter and pot, 1878, drawing "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1881, p. 17 |
 | "Governor Carver's Chair," 1878, drawing "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1881, p. 18 |
 | William Halsall, "The Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor," 1882, modern postcard Copyright Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360. Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. All rights reserved. www.pilgrimhall.org |
 | "Plymouth Rock Portico," recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Unidentified artist, "Edward Winslow," 1651 Copyright Pilgrim Society, 75 Court St, Plymouth, MA 02360. Pilgrim Hall Museum, Plymouth, MA. All rights reserved. www.pilgrimhall.org" |
 | "Plymouth Rock," recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Myles Standish's Spring," 1853, drawing W.H. Bartlett, "The Pilgrim Fathers" (London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co., 1853) |
 | Peregrine White apple tree, Marshfield, MA, 1853, drawing W.H. Bartlett, "The Pilgrim Fathers" (London: Arthur Hall, Virtue & Co., 1853) |
 | "Hotel Pilgrim," Plymouth, MA, color-tinted postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Map of Plymouth Bay," 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1881, opp. title page |
 | "Map of Plymouth Village," 1846 Patricia Scott Deetz and Christopher Fennell. In Ellis Brewster, "Plymouth In My Father's Time," 1968 |
 | "Sarcophagus, Cole's Hill, Plymouth, Mass.," after 1921, tinted postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Newport Tower," drawing, 1853-57 Eastman and Hinshelwood. In Philip Ainsworth Means, "Newport Tower," (Henry Holt and Co, Inc, 175 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10010), 1942, fig. 54. |
 | Title page with drawing of Plymouth Rock, 1878 "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878 |
 | Pilgrim Plymouth: Pilgrim Hall with Standish's artifacts, the Carver and Brewster chairs, and the Peregrine White Cradle, late 19th century, postcard Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Removing Plymouth Rock from the foundations under the old canopy," Plymouth, MA, Dec. 21, 1920 Location unknown |
 | Barry Fell with Celt-Iberian phallic stone with quartz testicle stone in foreground, fertility temple, South Woodstock, VT, 1976 Copyright holder unknown. In Barry Fell, "America B.C.," 1976 |
 | "National Monument to the Forefathers," Plymouth, MA, 1878, drawing Public domain. In "Old Plymouth - A Guide to its Localities and Objects of Interest," Avery and Doten, 1878, p. 77 |
 | "National Monument to the Forefathers," Plymouth, MA, 1889, sepia postcard Public domain. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Plymouth," National Monument to the Forefathers with four insets, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Alden Frink, architect, Miles Standish Monument, Duxbury, MA, 1872-79; medieval revival with a crenellated circular tower, photo Copyright holder unknown. Standish Monument Reservation, Mass. Dept. of Conservation and Recreation, Division of State Parks and Recreation, 251 Causeway St, Ste 600, Boston, MA 02114-2104 |
 | Pilgrim bust atop John Alden Gift Shop, Plymouth, MA Copyright The Old Colony Memorial, MPG Newspapers, 9 Long Pond Rd, Plymouth, MA 02360. All rights reserved. |
 | Pilgrim houses and Mayflower II, Plymouth, MA, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Historic Plymouth Massachusetts," monuments: Massasoit, Governor Bradford, Forefathers Monument, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "Greetings from Plymouth Mass.," c. 1950s, postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | Plymouth Tercentenary bronze medal, cast 1920 Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Karal Ann Marling. In Karal Ann Marling, "George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture 1876-1986" (Harvard University Press, 79 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138-1499), 1988, p. 233 |
 | Plymouth Rock and Portico from Cole's Hill, recent postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
| Medallion of the Plymouth Tercentenary, 1920 Copyright holder unknown |
 | "The First Prayer of the Pilgrims in America," from a Taunton, MA, pageant, c. 1914 Copyright holder unknown. In Karal Ann Marling, "George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture 1876-1986," 1988, Harvard University Press, 79 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138-1499, p. 197 |
 | Rehearsal, The Pilgrim Spirit, 1921 George P. Baker, "The Pilgrim Spirit: The Tercentenary Pageant" (Boston: Marshall, Jones, Co., 1921) |
 | "Pilgrim Procession" enacted daily in the Tercentary; "The sight was wonderful," Plymouth, MA, 8-15-25, postcard Copyright holder unknown. Collection of Prof. Karen Halttunen |
 | "The Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass. on December 22, 1620," Currier and Ives, c. 1876 Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-3461 |
 | Rev-p02-d04
The Boston Massacre. "The bloody massacre perpetrated in King Street Boston on March 5th 1770 by a party of the 29th Regt." "A sensationalized portrayal of the skirmish, later to become known as the 'Boston Massacre,' between British soldiers and citizens of Boston. On the right a group of seven uniformed soldiers, on the signal of an officer, fire into a crowd of civilians at left. Three of the latter lie bleeding on the ground. Two other casualties have been lifted by the crowd. In the foreground is a dog; in the background are a row of houses, the First Church, and the Town House. Behind the British troops is another row of buildings including the Royal Custom House, which bears the sign (perhaps a sardonic comment) 'Butcher's Hall.' Beneath the print are 18 lines of verse, which begin: 'Unhappy Boston! see thy Sons deplore, Thy hallowed Walks besmeared with guiltless Gore.' Also listed are the 'unhappy Sufferers': Saml Gray, Saml Maverick, James Caldwell, Crispus Attucks, and Patrick Carr (killed) and 'Six wounded; two of them (Christr Monk & John Clark) Mortally.'"- Library of Congress. Paul Revere engraving after Henry Pelham, Boston, 1770. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-DIG-ppmsca-01657. |
 | Col-P20-d4
"Second Street north from Market, with Christ Church, Philadelphia," showing old City Hall in left foreground; it was one of the meeting places of the Assembly until the completion of the State House. William Birch engraving, print, 1800. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Also, American Philosophical Society, 104 S Fifth St, Philadelphia, PA 19106-3387. M42-12-5. |
 | Col-P13-b3
Morton's Maypole: The legend of Merrymount receives this interesting recent interpretation: "Thomas Morton, a senior partner in a Crown-sponsored trading venture, sailed to New England in 1624 with a Captain Wollaston and 30 indentured young men. They settled and began trading for furs on a spit of land given them by the native Algonquin tribes, whose culture the classically educated, broad-minded Morton soon came to admire as far more civilized and humanitarian than that of his intolerant, brutal European neighbors. When Wollaston began seeking more profits by selling off the indentured servants to hard labor on the Virginia tobacco plantations, Morton persuaded the remaining servants (it wasn't hard) to reject their harsh master and throw in with this visionary as free members of a colony that would trade and live in harmony with the local tribes. It didn't take long for the free-thinking Morton to draw the ire of the nearby Puritans. His prosperous, easygoing colony attracted escapees from the harsh, hunger-ridden regime of the Plymouth plantation. Morton had no compunctions about trading guns to his Indian friends, whom the Puritans viewed as hostile savages. They resented Morton's intellectual scorn for their fundamentalist pieties, which he thought simply masked their stupidity and greed.....Miles Standish and his troops invaded Merrymount, seized Morton without a shot fired in defense – to avoid bloodshed, according to Morton; because the inhabitants were too drunk to lift their weapons, according to Bradford – and hauled him in chains before the governor to be tried for his supposed crimes." - Steve Rasmussen. Image: Albert Bushnell Hart, ed., "American History Told by Contemporaries," (New York, 1898), vol. 1, 361-63. Text: Copyright © Steve Rasmussen, Mountain Xpress, PO Box 144, Asheville, NC 28802) Nov. 21, 2001. srasmussen@mountainx.com. All rights reserved. |
 | Col-P17-e4
General James Oglethorpe, 1744, "the founder of Georgia, was a forward-thinking visionary who demonstrated great skill as a social reformer and military leader." - The New Georgia Encyclopedia. Copyright © Oglethorpe University, 4484 Peachtree Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30319. All rights reserved. Text: The New Georgia Encyclopedia, http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge. Our thanks to the NGE. |
“The History Project at UC Davis is one of the finest sources of professional development for K12 history teachers in the country.”
Karen Halttunen
Vice-President of the Teaching Division Professor of History
American Historical Association, University of Southern California