The History Project - University of California, Davis

Image Collection / 8.00 / 8.5 / 1.00

	John Trumbull, "The Sortie Made by the Garrison of Gibraltar," 1789, oil on canvas; 71 x 107 in. (180.3 x 271.8 cm) Copyright Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10028-0198. Purchase, Pauline V. Fullerton Bequest; Mr. and Mrs. James Walter Carter and Mr. and Mrs. Raymond J. Horowitz Gifts; Erving Wolf Foundation and Vain and Harry Fish Foundation Inc. Gifts; Gift of Hanson K. Corning, by exchange; and Maria DeWitt Jesup and Morris K. Jesup Funds, 1976. (1976.332) http://metmus.org. All rights reserved.
	Ferdinand A.F. Pettrich, "The Dying Tecumseh," modeled about 1837–46, carved 1856, marble with painted copper alloy tomahawk, 36 5/8 x 77 5/8 x 53 3/4 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum, MRC 970, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012. Transfer from the U.S. Capitol. 1916.8.1. www.si.edu.
	Ferdinand A.F. Pettrich, "The Dying Tecumseh," detail, modeled about 1837–46, carved 1856, marble with painted copper alloy tomahawk, 36 5/8 x 77 5/8 x 53 3/4 in. Smithsonian American Art Museum, MRC 970, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013- 7012. Transfer from the U.S. Capitol. 1916.8.1. www.si.edu
	Henry Inman, "Tenskwatawa (The Prophet)," c. 1830-33, oil on canvas, stretcher: 77.2 x 62.9 x 2.5cm (30 3/8 x 24 3/4 x 1"); frame: 93.7 x 81 x 6cm (36 7/8 x 31 7/8 x 2 3/8") Copyright National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Victor Building–Suite 4100 MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013-7012. www.npg.si.edu. Acquisition date: 1982-05. Ref. NPG.82.71. All rights reserved. Our thanks to the National Portrait Gallery.
	George Catlin, "Wi-jún-jon, The Pigeon's Egg Head (The Light), Assineboine Chief, Going To and Returning From Washington, D.C.," 1837-39, oil on canvas, 29 x 24 in. (73.6 x 60.9 cm). See also Slide 2236 Smithsonian American Art Museum, MRC 970, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012. www.si.edu. Gift of Mrs. Joseph Harrison, Jr. 1985.66.474
	Rembrandt Peale, "Joseph Outen Bogart," 1822, oil on canvas, 36 x 28 in. In the Collection of the Corcoran Gallery of Art, 500 - 17th St NW, Washington, DC 20006. Accession Number 57.14. Museum Purchase, Anna E. Clark Fund. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Corcoran.
	Jasper Francis Cropsey, "Niagara Falls in Winter," 1868 Copyright holder unknown. (National Gallery of Art ?)
	A sketch of the restored White House when the Monroes moved in, 1817. The New York Public Library, 1211 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. In Eds. of American Heritage, An American Heritage Pictorial History of the Presidents of the U.S., I, 1968, p. 166. 8.5.1
	Both Americans and British scorn President Madison's flight from Washington in this British cartoon, 1814. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZC4-3115. In Eds. of American Heritage, An American Heritage Pictorial History of the Presidents of the U.S., I, 1968, p. 144. 8.5.1
	Andrew Jackson, War of 1812. "Jackson crowned in ceremonies after the Battle of New Orleans." Drawing. Our Country. In Harnett T. Kane, The Romantic South, 1961, p. 243. 8.5.1
	Nathaniel Currier, "Great Riot at the Astor Place Opera House," New York, May 10, 1849. Twenty-three were killed in this American riot against the appearance of an English actor. Courtesy of The Museum of the City of New York,, 1220 Fifth Ave. at 103rd St., New York, NY 10029. Our thanks to the Museum. In Walton Rawls, A Great Book of Currier and Ives' America, 1979, p. 143. 8.5.1
	John Lewis Krimmel, "Philadelphia on the Fourth," 1819. Also titled "Fourth of July in Old Centre Square." 130,000 people turned out to celebrate with the usual banquets, fireworks and patriotic addresses. Celebration of "The Fourth" moved from experience to national tradition. See also SO-A-15. Copyright The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St., Philadelphia, PA 19107. All rights reserved. In Eds. of Time-Life Books, Life History of the United States, Vol. 3, "The Growing Years," 1974, pp. 30-1. 8.5.1
	Joseph Yeager (after Krimmel), "Victuallers' Procession," aquatint and etching with water color, 1821. Copyright Philadelphia Museum of Art, Benjamin Franklin Parkway and 26th St., Philadelphia, PA 19130. All rights reserved. 8.5.1
	USS Chesapeake's encounter with HMS Leopard, 1807, led to the embargo. Crew of the Leopard attacked, boarded and seized the Chesapeake in a prelude to the War of 1812. Library of Congress, American Memory, Washington, DC 20540. In Eds. of American Heritage, "An American Heritage Pictorial History of the Presidents of the U.S.," Vol. I, 1968, pp. 116-7. 8.5.1
	HMS Shannon and USS Chesapeake in naval battle, 1813. War of 1812. US Naval Academy Museum, 118 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402-5034. The Beverley R. Robinson Collection. In American Heritage, XX, 1, Dec. 1968, pp. 58-9. Our thanks to The Naval Academy Museum. 8.5.1
	HMS Shannon and USS Chesapeake in battle, 1813. Detail of WP-E-3. War of 1812. US Naval Academy Museum, 118 Maryland Ave, Annapolis, MD 21402-5034. The Beverley R. Robinson Collection. In American Heritage, XX, 1, Dec. 1968, p. 59. Our thanks to The Naval Academy Museum. 8.5.1
	Thomas Hemy, "Boarding of the Chesapeake," 1895. Captain Broke of the Shannon leads his men in boarding the Chesapeake, 1813. War of 1812. US Naval Historical Center, US Dept of the Navy, Washington Navy Yard, 805 Kidder Breese St. SE, DC 20374-5060. In American Heritage, XX, 1, Dec. 1968, p. 60. Our thanks to The Naval Historical Center. 8.5.1
	Captain Broke of the HMS Shannon is attacked aboard the USS Chesapeake during the great naval battle, 1813. War of 1812. US Naval Historical Center, US Dept of the Navy, Washington Navy Yard, 805 Kidder Breese St. SE, DC 20374-5060. In American Heritage, XX, 1, Dec. 1968, p. 61. Our thanks to The Naval Historical Center. 8.5.1
	Ca-P02-a2 "Part of Newark, Upper Canada, taken from Valaces Tavern the 9th June 1794." A building yard with squared lumber in stacks and on the ground. Newark was incorporated in 1781 and renamed Niagara-on-the-Lake in 1792 when it became the capital of Upper Canada. Because it was so close to a United States arsenal, it was replaced as capital by Toronto. During the War of 1812 American forces destroyed the town, but the British rebuilt. William Berczy, ink drawing. Agnes Etherington Art Centre, University Ave at Bader Lane, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 CANADA.
	Ca-P03-d2 "Commodore Perry Leaving the Lawrence for the Niagara at the Battle of Lake Erie," c. 1814. The US government sent the American Navy, under the command of Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry, to capture the British fleet on the Great Lakes. The Americans won on Sept. 10, 1813, and Perry sent his famous message: “We have met the enemy and they are ours.” The central issues of the War of 1812 were land rights in the upper Midwest, the rights of neutral ships, and impressment. Thomas Birch painting. Owner and location of original unknown. Anne S.K. Brown Military Collection, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
	Ca-P03-e2 "The Battle of Lundy's Lane" was the bloodiest battle fought on Canadian soil. The US Army under Gen. Winfield Scott attacked Canada in July 1814 near Niagara Falls, Ontario, during the War of 1812. This American invasion was defeated. Alonzo Chappel painting. The unofficial Canadian patriotic anthem, "The Maple Leaf Forever," mentions the battle: "At Queenston Heights and Lundy's Lane our brave fathers, side by side for freedom, homes, and loved ones dear, firmly stood and nobly died. And those dear rights which they maintained, we swear to yield them never. Our watchword evermore shall be, the Maple Leaf forever!" New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center, 61 Lake Ave, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866.
	Ca-P03-c1 "The Battle of Queenston Heights," Ontario, Canada, 1812; an American defeat. US troops attacked Canada across the Niagara River, beginning the War of 1812. At Queenston Heights the British commander Sir Isaac Brock, a Canadian hero, was shot and killed by an unknown soldier. James B. Dennis painting. Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. Repro. Ref. No. C-000276. MIKAN ID 2837584.
	Ca-P04-b2 "Québec as seen from the Citadel, 1838." The Québec ramparts as they looked during the War of 1812. Lithograph of John R.C. Smyth painting, 1840. Hudson's Bay Company Archives, 200 Vaughan St, Winnipeg, MB R3C 1T5 CANADA. Also, Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. C-001038.
	Ca-P03-d1 Battle of the Thames, 1813. The Shawnee chief Tecumseh was killed during this American victory in the War of 1812 in what is today Ontario, Canada. Americans now controlled the Northwest frontier. Lithograph, 1833. Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. Collection Canadiana, W.H. Coverdale. Copy negative 1970-188 C-041031. MIKAN no. 2897260.
	Ca-P02-c2 "York, Upper Canada" (now Toronto, Ontario), 1804. "The United States declared war in 1812 and attacked Toronto on 27 April 1813. The ensuing battle resulted in 157 British and 320 American casualties, and the occupation of the Town of York...for five days. Many of those killed in battle were buried where they fell or in nearby mass graves. Some American officers were taken to Sackett's Harbour, New York, across Lake Ontario for burial....After American troops withdrew from York, the town became an important hospital centre for the army, especially while heavy fighting on the Niagara Peninsula continued. Those who survived the arduous three-day journey from Niagara to York often died in hospital and were buried in the military cemetery. The Anglican rector of York, John Strachan, sometimes officiated over the funerals of as many as eight men each day." - The City of Toronto. Title: "Plan of York the Capital of Upper Canada on the Bay of Toronto in Lake Ontario," Elizabeth Frances Hale painting. Copyright © Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. C-34334. All rights reserved.
	Ca-P03-e1 Charles-Michel de Salaberry (1778-1829). When the US invaded and attempted to annex Canada during the War of 1812, the Canadian Voltigeurs, French Canadian troops under the Québecer Col. Salaberry, defeated the Americans at the battle of the Châteauguay River. Salaberry became a celebrated and indeed legendary historical figure. - Parks Canada. Copyright © Museum of Château Ramezay, 280, rue Notre-Dame Est, Montréal, QC H2Y 1C5 CANADA. Don. G. McNab. 1998.924, 1897. All rights reserved. Text: Parks Canada, 25 Eddy St, Gatineau, QC K1A 0M5 CANADA.
	Ca-P02-e1 British Major John Norton, Teyoninhokarawen, the Mohawk Chief, 1805. Son of a Cherokee father and Scottish mother, he commanded Ojibwa and Delaware warriors during the War of 1812. He fought the US at the battles of Moraviantown, Queenston Heights, Fort George, Stoney Creek, Québec City, and Lundy's Lane. Mary Ann Knight, watercolour and gouache. Copyright © Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. Acc. No. 1984-119-1. C-123832. All rights reserved. Our thanks to The Library and Archives Canada.
	Ca-P01-a4 King George III of England (1738-1820), 1771. Johann Zoffany, oil on canvas. Copyright © The Royal Collection, The Surveyor of The Queen's Works of Art, York House, St James's Palace, London, England SW1A 1BQ UNITED KINGDOM. All rights reserved.
	Ca-P03-c2 "The Flotilla of the Enemy," 1813. American ships attack York (Toronto) during the War of 1812. "US ships just west of the entrance to York's harbour, guarded by Gibraltar Point to the south (right) and Fort York. Drifting smoke on the shore marks the Western Battery. Despite the satisfactory outcome of the War of 1812 for Britain and her colonies, the conflict had been traumatic for the citizens of York. The town suffered three attacks. On 27 April 1813, the US Lake Ontario squadron from Sackett's Harbour [New York] disgorged a large military force west of the settlement....Supported by the guns of the United States Navy, the enemy army pushed the outnumbered defenders eastwards to Fort York. The six-hour battle ended when the British blew up the fort's gunpowder magazine and retreated to Kingston. After the battle, in which casualties numbered 320 on the American side and 157 on the British, US forces occupied York for six days. Despite American agreement in the capitulation terms to respect private property and to allow the civil government to continue functioning without hindrance, the enemy robbed homes and torched the governor's home and parliament buildings. (Those acts led to the retaliatory burning of the White House, Congress, and other public buildings when British forces captured Washington in 1814.)" - Carl Benn. Owen Staples watercolor, c. 1913. Copyright © Toronto Public Library, J. Ross Robertson Collection 905, 789 Yonge St, Toronto, ON M4W 2G8 CANADA. All rights reserved. Text: Carl Benn, PhD, City of Toronto Museums and Heritage Services, 55 John St, Toronto ON M5V 3C6 CANADA.
	Ca-P03-c4 William Henry Harrison, 1814. Rembrandt Peale portrait. Copyright © Frances Vigo Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, PO Box 355, Vincennes, IN 47591. All rights reserved. Also, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, Victor Building–Suite 4100 MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013-7012.
	Ca-P03-d3 "Climax of the Action at Crysler's Farm, The Battle that Saved Canada." With superior leadership, Canadian and British troops defeated a much larger American force intent upon conquering and annexing Canada. Near Cornwall, Upper Canada (Ontario), they ended the American invasion of 1813 "with the British firmly in control of both sides of the St Lawrence and dashing the hopes of those in Washington who had boasted that the conquest of Canada would be a 'mere matter of marching'....British regulars stood with Canadians of both English and French heritage and with them were the Mohawk warriors of Tyendinaga as our three founding peoples stood shoulder to shoulder in defence of this new country." - Friends of Crysler's Farm. Adam Sherriff Scott mural, detail, before 1980. The Battle of Crysler's Farm Visitor Centre, Crysler Park, Upper Canada Village Heritage Park, 13740 Co. Rd 2, Morrisburg, ON K0C 1X0 CANADA. Text: The Friends of Crysler's Farm, c/o Robert Irvine, 8 Fifth St, Johnstown, RR3, Prescott, ON K0E 1T0 CANADA.
	Ca-P05-d1 Gen. Sir Isaac Brock (1769-1812), the hero of Upper Canada. "In 1810 he took command of the troops in Upper Canada, and the civil administration of that province. With the War of 1812 he organized the militia of Upper Canada and prepared to defend the province against American invasion. On Aug 16, 1812, with about 730 militia and 600 Indians commanded by Shawnee chief Tecumseh, he compelled an American force of some 2,500 men under Gen. William Hull to surrender at Detroit, an accomplishment which gained him a Knighthood of the Bath and the popular title of 'hero of Upper Canada.'" From Detroit he rushed his force to the Niagara frontier, but he was killed at the Battle of Queenston Heights on Oct 13. J.W.L. Forster portrait. Copyright © Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. C-007760. All rights reserved.
	Rev-p02-e04 "The Procession," 1795." Colonists jubilantly escort a carriage in which sit two loyalists, one of whom appears to have been tarred and feathered. Musicians accompany the procession." - Library of Congress. However, Loyalists were stripped of their clothing before being tarred and feathered. E. Tisdale engraving. Illus. in John Trumbull, "M'Fingal," (New York, 1795). Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-7708.
	Rev-p19-d04 "An Osage Warrior," 1804. "By the 19th century the Osage tribe were living in Missouri. In 1804 members of the Meriwether Lewis and William Clark expedition encountered the Osage. They gave a friendly reception to the explorers and were extremely interested in trading goods. They were given peace medals and the following year some of their leaders visited Washington where they met President Thomas Jefferson, who described them as 'the finest men we have ever seen.' He also arranged for them to be painted by Charles Fevret de Saint-Mémin. The Osage raised crops but during the summer they went on buffalo hunts in Kansas. In about 1820 the Osage migrated from Missouri to Kansas. Hunting buffalo now became more important to the tribe. Every part of the buffalo was used. They provided them with food (meat), shelter (buffalo skin tipi covers), clothing (hide robes), fuel (dried buffalo dung), tools (horn spoons and bone hide scrapers), weapons (buffalo hide shields and bow strings) and equipment (rawhide envelopes for storing food). The Osage were friendly to the American settlers and served as army scouts. However, in 1870 they were forcibly removed to the Indian Territory in Oklahoma." - John Simkin, Spartacus Educational. Copyright © Winterthur Museum & Country Estate, Winterthur, DE 19735. All rights reserved. Text: John Simkin, Spartacus Educational, www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WWosage.
	Rev-p18-c04 Map: American Gen. John Sullivan's expedition against the western Indians and loyalists, 1779, showing Long, Seneca and Cayuga Lakes, NY. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, DC 20540.
	Rev-p18-c01 Joseph Brant, 1786. The Mohawk chief's Iroquois name was Thayendanegea. He sided with the British against the American colonists in order to stop the settlers from taking Iroquois land. He believed that the Iroquois would lose even more of their lands if the American colonies became independent. Brant became a captain in the British Army and fought against the colonists during the Revolutionary War. In 1797 the state of New York defrauded him and other Mohawks of 6 million acres. Gilbert Stuart painting. New York State Historical Association, Fenimore Art Museum, PO Box 800, Cooperstown, NY 13326.
	Rev-p07-c03 American prisoners of war starve to death on the British prison ship "Jersey" in New York Harbor, 1779-83. Purposely brutalized, between 11,000 and 13,000 died, 75% of the total imprisoned. King George III considered them traitors, and as such, without rights. More Americans died in British prison ships in New York Harbor than in all the battles of the Revolutionary War. Fordham University Library, Charles Allen Munn Collection, Rose Hill Campus, Bronx, NY 10458.
	Jeffersons_Republic12 The restored U.S. Capitol in 1814 after the British burned it in the War of 1812. The roof of the House of Representatives (left) had collapsed in flames. The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024.
	Jeffersons_Republic11 Capture of the city of Washington: British soldiers march into Washington, DC and burn buildings during the War of 1812; engraving, 1815. (London, 1815.) Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-5314.
	Jeffersons_Republic10 "Battle of Queenston Heights," 1812. "This 1836 engraving shows American troops (in blue uniforms) crossing the Niagara River and landing at Queenston, Ontario. British and Canadian troops (in red uniforms) under General Isaac Brock came out of Newark (now Niagara-on-the-Lake) and drove the Americans back to the heights. Seeing this, New York militiamen still on the American shore refused to cross into Canada to reinforce the troops there. General Brock was killed during an advance towards the doomed Americans on the heights." - Library and Archives Canada. James Dennis sketch. Copyright © Library and Archives Canada, 395 Wellington St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N4 CANADA. (C-000276). All rights reserved.
	From_Revolution_to_Constitution21 Miss Liberty crowns Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry with a laurel wreath after the War of 1812. He is holding the US flag over the phrase, "We Owe Allegiance to No Crown," 1815(?). John A. Woodside painting, Philadelphia. Smithsonian American Art Museum, PO Box 37012, MRC 970, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012. Inventory Control No. 81880830.
	Jeffersons_Republic13 "Election Day at the State House," Philadelphia, 1815. John Lewis Krimmel painting, detail. Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Accession No. Bc47K897.

November 23, 2009

programs

resources

staff

contact

calendar

Grants & Projects

News