 | Emerson House, Concord, MA Karen Halttunen photo |
 | Frances Wright as a lecturing goose, 1828-29, James Akin cartoon, hand-colored lithograph
The Library Company of Philadelphia, 318 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19102. www.librarycompany.org |
 | Poster ad, Harriet Beecher Stowe's "Uncle Tom's Cabin," 1852 The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park W., New York, NY 10024 |
 | Eliza crossing ice, from "Uncle Tom's Cabin," 1852; she and child look white; lithograph The New-York Historical Society, 170 Central Park W., New York, NY 10024 |
 | Piece bag for closet or door with labelled pockets, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, pp. 303-06 |
 | Floorplan of Stowe House with front and back parlors, Nook Farm, Hartford, CT Harriet Beecher Stowe House, 77 Forest St, Hartford, CT 06105 |
 | Floor plan of basement with laundry, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, fig. 21 |
 | Floorplan of kitchen and stove room, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, pp. 303-06 |
 | A window with plants and ward's case, 1869, drawing Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, fig. 45 |
 | Diagram of interior of cooking-stove, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, fig. 34 |
 | "Little Women," 1868, frontis illustration Louisa May Alcott, "Little Women," 1868. Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, University of Rochester Library, The University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0055 |
 | Louisa May Alcott, c. 1858 Louisa May Alcott Association, 399 Lexington Rd, PO Box 343, Concord, MA 01742-0343. |
 | Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "Plan for The Christian Home," 1869, (church/school/home) Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, pp. 303-06 |
 | Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "A Christian House," 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, p. 23 |
 | Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, Plan of sink and cooking form, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, p. 34. |
 | Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, Closet organization, 1869 Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869, p. 29 |
 | "American Woman's Home," 1869, title page Catherine Beecher and Harriet Beecher Stowe, "The American Woman's Home," 1869 |
 | Temperance geography lesson: "Ocean of Intemperance, Sea of Total Abstinence, Tippler's
City, Safety Bay," 19th century Location unknown. In W.J. Rorabaugh, "The Alcoholic Republic," 1979, p. xviii |
 | Sons of Temperance membership certificate, 19th century Location unknown |
 | Shaker men and women, group photo Courtesy of The New York State Museum, Cultural Education Center, Rm 3023, Albany, NY 12230. All rights reserved. Our thanks to the New York State Museum. |
 | Sister Polly Collins, "The Gospel Union, Fruit Bearing Tree," Hancock, MA, 1855, a spirit drawing; watercolor and ink on paper; 23 3/8 x 18 1/8 in. Copyright holder unknown. Hancock Shaker Village, PO Box 927, Pittsfield, MA 01202. |
 | Shaker dance positions, "giving" and "receiving brotherly love" Courtesy of Fruitlands Museums, 102 Prospect Hill Rd, Harvard, MA 01451. All rights reserved. Our thanks to the Fruitlands Museums. |
 | Harriet Tubman, far left, escaped from a Maryland plantation, here with friends and relatives Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063 |
 | Nathaniel Jocelyn, "Sengbeh Pieh (Joseph Cinqué)," c. 1814-79, mutineer on Amistad, 1840?, oil on canvas, 75.9cm x 61.2cm (29 7/8" x 24 1/8")
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, P.O. Box 37012, Victor Building–Suite 4100, MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013-7012 |
 | Sea Island teachers at Port Royal, SC, after 1861 Western Reserve Historical Society, 10825 East Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44106. |
 | Uncle Tom's Cabin. "I am going there, or The Death of Little Eva." "People sang it, too…they read Uncle Tom's Cabin and they hummed words such as these." Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, D.C. 20540. In Harnett T. Kane, Gone Are The Days, 1960, p. 282. 8.9.1 |
 | John Steuart Curry painting, "John Brown." See also AB-A-2. The State House, Topeka, KS. In American Heritage, Pictorial History of the Presidents of the United States, Vol. I, 1968, p. 372. 8.9.1 |
 | William Lloyd Garrison, American abolitionist, about 1850. Courtesy of The New York Public Library, 1211 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. In American Heritage Pictorial History of The Presidents of the United States, 1968, Vol. I, p. 375; and in Beaumont Newhall, Daguerreotype in America, 1961, Plate #77. 8.9.1 |
 | Poster, Topsy, 1886, Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. In American Heritage, Oct. 1955 8.9.1 |
 | Uncle Tom poster, The Deathbed of Eva, 1890s The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. In American Heritage, Oct. 1955, p. 28. 8.9.1 |
 | Uncle Tom poster, Uncle Tom with Hoe, 1886 The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. In American Heritage, Oct. 1955, p. 32. 8.9.1 |
 | Uncle Tom, cover for Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin. In American Heritage, April 1967, p. 19. 8.9.1 |
| John Steuart Curry, "John Brown of Osawatomie," 1937. The abiding power of the John Brown legend transcends time and distance. To abolitionists he was an instant martyr; the poet Whittier rhapsodized about how Brown had "stooped between the jeering ranks and kissed the negro's child." Three thousand miles away, Victor Hugo was so moved by accounts of the execution that he drew a dark and bitter sketch of the hanging. The painting listed here was painted some 80 years later. It seems to symbolize the achievement of the metamorphosis of Brown's image from tragic blunderer to avenging angel. The State Capitol, 300 SW 10th St., Topeka, KS 66612-1504. In American Heritage, Aug. 1967, p. 30. 8.9.1 |
 | "The Negro Problem Solved, or, Africa as she was, as she is, and as she shall be, her curse and her cure." This work encouraged freed slaves to return to and colonize their native continent for the purpose of uplifting it and its race from "social, civil and moral debasement." Rev. Hollis Read, The Negro Problem Solved, 1864. 8.10.4 |
 | Africa as she shall be…"Christian Negro nationality…an enlightened commerce and an extensive scheme of colonialization, and Christian government, laws and institutions, all baptized in the spirit of Christianity." Rev. Hollis Read, The Negro Problem Solved, 1864. 8.10.4 |
 | Sen. Charles Sumner was "the Senate's leading opponent of slavery. After one speech Sumner made against pro-slavery groups in Kansas in 1856 he was beaten unconscious by Preston Brooks, a congressman from South Carolina. His injuries stopped him from attending the Senate for the next three years." 1856. Congressional Globe, Washington, DC, May 1856. New York Public Library, 1211 Ave. of the Americas, New York, NY 10036. 8.9.1 |
 | Charles Sumner, U.S. Senator, about 1850. Photographic portrait. Copyright holder unknown. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10028-0198. In Beaumont Newhall, Daguerreotype in America, 1961, Plate 103. 8.9.1 |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s09.
The trained bloodhounds bay at Eliza, who carries the baby across the ice in the distance. Program page for Jay Rial's "Ideal Uncle Tom's Cabin," Jay Rial producer, Grand Opera House, Chicago, June 6, 1881.
Promotional tour postcards distributed by Haverly's California Theater, San Francisco, CA 1882-83. The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, Billy Rose Theatre Collection, Players Collection, 40 Lincoln Center Plaza, New York, NY 10023-7498. |
 | Towards_Revolution72
John Quincy Adams, Sixth President of the United States (1767-1848). Thomas Gimbrede engraving, 1826. National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 973, Washington, DC 20013-0712. NPG.76.41. |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s08
Harriet Beecher Stowe, 1850s. Daguerreotype.
Albert Sands Southworth (American, 1811–94) and Josiah Johnson Hawes (American, 1808–1901). Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1000 Fifth Ave, New York, NY 10028-0198. Gift of I. N. Phelps Stokes, Edward S. Hawes, Alice Mary Hawes, and Marion Augusta Hawes, 1937 (37.14.40). www.metmuseum.org. |
 | Jacksons_America23
John Quincy Adams, 1825-30. Gilbert Stuart and Thomas Sully, oil on canvas. Harvard University Portrait Collection, Harvard University Memorial Hall, Harvard University Art Museums, 32 Quincy St, Cambridge, MA 02138. |
 | Slavery_to_180035
"Africans Thrown Overboard from a Slave Ship, Brazil, 1832." Sick Africans were thrown overboard out of fear that other slaves would contract a deadly disease and lose the investment. The Liberator, Jan.7, 1832, vol. 11, p. 2. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-30833. |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s18
U.S. Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts, a leader of the anti-slavery movement. He was nearly killed on the floor of the Senate in a caning by pro-slavery Rep. Preston Brooks of South Carolina in 1856. Brown Brothers photo. In Roger Butterfield, "The American Past: A History of the United States," (Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1230 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020) 1947, p. 145. |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s04
A pro-slavery mob burning the press of the abolitionist Elijah P. Lovejoy in Alton, IL during a riot Nov. 7, 1837, which resulted in Lovejoy's murder. "Mob Attacking Warehouse on the Night of Lovejoy's Martyrdom," 1881; wood engraving. Henry Tanner, "The Martyrdom of Lovejoy," (Chicago, 1881). Illinois State Museum, 502 S Spring St, Springfield, IL 62706-5000. |
 | Westward_Exp
"Conquering Prejudice; or Fulfilling a Constitutional duty with alacrity," 1850, Philadelphia. "This satirical image likely responds to the 1850 Fugitive Slave Act and the vocal support of Massachusetts Senator Daniel Webster for the new law. The title of this print borrows from the title of a speech by Webster that was published shortly before Kramer created his image. In the print, two men and their dogs chase an African woman carrying her child. In the background a country church and a court house stand witness to the chase." - SALEM in History: The Science and Art of Learning from Evidence and Materials in History. Peter Kramer lithograph, 1850.
Peabody Essex Museum, East India Square, Salem, MA 01970-3783. Carney Maley, Project Director, SALEM in History, Department of History, 352 Lafayette St, Salem, MA 01970. "SALEM in History (2004-2006) was funded by a three-year Teaching American History grant from the U.S. Department of Education. Program Partners: The Salem Public School District, Salem State College, The Peabody Essex Museum and The National Park Service." |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s07
Enslaved women at work in the field under the lash of the overseer, 1840: "The cotton planters generally, never allow a slave mother time to go to the house, or quarter during the day to nurse her child; hence they have to carry them to the cotton fields and tie them in the shade of a tree, or in clusters of high weeds about in the fields, where they can go to them at noon, when they are allowed to stop work for one half hour. This is the reason why so very few slave children are raised on these cotton plantations, mothers have no time to take care of them--and they are often found dead in the field and in the quarter for want of the care of their mothers." Anti-slavery broadside. "Illustrations of the Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1840," (New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1840). Library of Congress Rare Book and Special Collections Division (48), Washington, DC 20540. |
 | Slavery_to_180023
Olaudah Equiano. Captured far inland from the African coast when he was a boy of 11, Equiano (1745-97) was sold into slavery, eventually bought his freedom, and became an influential abolitionist, explorer and writer. Olaudah Equiano, "The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, or Gustavus Vassa, the African. Written by Himself," (London, 1789). |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s03
Pro-slavery mob destroying Elijah Lovejoy's press, Alton, IL, 1837. The mob shot and killed Lovejoy, age 35, because of his abolitionist views. "The people of the free states have attacked 'the tyrant's foe, and the people's friend,' - Oct. 1835, at Utica, July 1836, at Cincinnati, O., Aug. 1837 at Alton, Ill. and finally shot E. P. Lovejoy, because he would not basely surrender 'THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS, THE PALLADIUM OF ALL OUR LIBERTIES.'" "A Printing Press Demolished at Slavery's Bidding," illustration for p. 11, "The American Anti-Slavery Almanac for 1839," (New York: Published for the American Anti-Slavery Society, Vol. I, No. 4). Courtesy of The John Hay Library, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912. |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s11
John Brown ascending the scaffold to be hanged, Charlestown, VA, 1859. Wood engraving. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, vol. 9, no. 211, Dec. 17,1859, p. 33. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-132551. |
 | Towards_Revolution39
Benjamin Franklin, 1777. Augustin de Saint-Aubin line engraving after Charles-Nicholas Cochin. National Portrait Gallery, 2 St Martin's Pl, London, England WC2H 0HE UNITED KINGDOM. Archive Collection. D2369. |
 | Rean_and_Great_Awakening_11
William Penn, age 22, 1666. An 18th c. copy of a 17th c. portrait, possibly by Sir Peter Lely, oil on canvas.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. |
 | Towards_Revolution38
William Penn, age 22, 1666. 18th c. copy of a 17th c. portrait, possibly by Sir Peter Lely, oil on canvas.
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1300 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107. |
 | Westward_Exp
Daniel Webster (1782-1852), Massachusetts, at age 64. Print, 1897. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC 20540. LC-USZ62-64690. |
 | Crisis_of_the_1850s21
Cartoon, "The Caning of Charles Sumner," "Southern Chivalry - Argument versus Club's [sic]," May 1856. After making an anti-slavery speech, Senator Sumner of Massachusetts was permanently injured by pro-slavery Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina on the floor on the US Senate. New York Public Library, Fifth Ave and 42nd St, New York, NY 10018. |
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